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POLITICAL
VIOLENCE AND SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The examines
the political violence and Social-economic Development in Nigeria. To actualize
the purpose, of the study was divided into five chapters while. Chapter one was
introduction background of the study. Chapter two received related literature
on the subject matter chapter three. Covered, research design and methodology.
Chapter four focused on data presentation, analysis and interpretation, finally
chapter five narrated the summary of work done and made recommendation. This
study employed the probability simple random sampling technique. Te sample size
for this study is 210 respondents and level of significance is 0.5. The federal
government has a sole duty of providing securities for its citizens during
elections to prevent political violence and should address the issues of
corruption by setting up institutions or agencies that will deal with corrupt
leading or official as this will enhance successful achievement of NEFADS
programmes. The study concluding that if the standard of living of Nigeria are
increased, the menace of electorate violence will decreased.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Background to the Study
The history
of Nigeria has been characterized by a variety of political violence and social
economic development in Nigeria, this could be attribute to the coercive
imposition and tradition brought together by colonial era (Udokang, 2006).
However, apart from these scholars have identified leadership problem, ethnic
crisis as well as living standard of the people as the cause of political
violence and social economic development in Nigeria.
Consequently, violence is usually
accompanied with wanton loss of lives, property, instability, infrastructural
destruction among others, while social economic development contributed to the
advancement and improvement in the standard of living increase in the life of
people. Perhaps, no nation can survive a test of time when it’s drowned in the
menace of violence and moreover no nation can actually develop under the
prevalence of crisis violence and upheavals.
Therefore, in order for a nation to
have a bit of development it should do away with all violent like attitudes.
However, political violence is a form of violent relations and incompatibility
of interest goals and ambitions between individuals’ groups and political
structures in the process of attaining power and keeping it. To put it
differently, political violence emanates during when elections are conducted
and economic development after election is concluded in the state. This action
is usually accompanied with various act of violence in Nigeria which is not
usually the same in other countries of the world.
Before the attainment of independent
in 1960 Nigeria had recorded myriads of violence chiefly among which is
political. This problem however could be traced to 1922 when the first election
was conducted and this has continued unabated till this present-dispensation,
violence has done no nation any good has earlier observed rather it’s mark
remains inextripable.
In the precolonial times, many of the
traditional village democracy that was practiced in some geo-political
environment has the needed popular support of the electorate and the citizens
at large. Consequently, the history of modern democracy in Nigeria is chequered
with one from of violence and another, this according to Nweke (2006), the
emergence of political violence in sourced through the nature of party
formation which was ethnoregionally based.
This was followed by the
regionalization of Nigeria as created by Richard Constitution of 1946 Anu and
Uwanaju (2011) wrote that at independence, political conflicts over the centre
stage of nation building in Nigeria and its multiplier effect gave birth to the
factor that led to Nigeria civil war of 1967 – 1970.
Human rights watch revealed that the
recent post-presidential election violence claimed 800 lives, while the
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) said that more than 37 villages
were attacked, the Agency also revealed that 2,500 houses were destroyed while
about 10,000 families were affected (Awofadeji; 2011 quoted in Ani 2012).
Since no nations can survive under
the sanction of continuous violence in a state, it’s therefore against this
backdrop that his work examines political violence and socio-economic
development in Nigeria using Akwa Ibom State as a case study.
In every
democratic dispensation, elections have come to be known as the acceptable means
through which leaders are changed. Election is seen as the process whereby
qualified adult citizens select their leaders. This process however is
characterized with all forms of violence ranging from thuggery, snatching of
ballot boxes, killings, arson, assassination of political opponents, the list
is endless. And with these singular vicious acts many lives are usually lost,
properties wantonly destroyed, infrastructures and facilities that huge sum of
money was expended is usually shattered and above all it creates great
animosity and acrimony among the citizens.
Moreover,
rather than save as a means of exercising legitimate political obligations,
that will institute good leaders for effective governance and socio-political
development in a state it then turn out to be a means of recruiting thieves and
touts into the government which later culminates into political instability,
under development and execution of wrong policies which are prevalence in
Nigeria at large and Akwa Ibom State in particular.
a. The main
objective of the study is to examine the effect of political violence on
socio-economic development in Nigeria.
b.
Specifically, the study will:
1,
examine the causes of political violence in Nigeria.
2. investigate the effects of
political violence in Nigeria.
3. critically examine the natures of
political violence on sociopolitical development of Nigeria.
4. examine the roles of government
institutions in addressing political violence in Akwa Ibom State.
The
following research questions were raised to guide the study:
1. What are the causes of political
violence in Nigeria?
2. What are the effects of political
violence in the socio-political development of Nigeria?
3. What are the natures of political
violence in Nigeria?
4. What are the roles of government
institutions in addressing political violence in Akwa Ibom State?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses were stated in null form and tested at .05 level of
significance,
1. There is no relationship between
political violence and sociopolitical development in Nigeria.
2. There is no relationship between
the causes of political violence and socio-political development in Nigeria.
3. There is no relationship between
the roles of government institutions in curbing of political violence and
socio-political development in Akwa Ibom State.
The
significance of this study lies in the difference it will make in the
entrenchment of democratic principles in Nigeria's politics.
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