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Ecology Of
Ticks (acarina Ixodidae) On Cattle .
ABSTRACT
The study on
ecology of ticks on cattle was carried out in Nnamdi Azikiwe University
(UNIZIK) Awka and environs, where cattle-grazing occurred continuously. Eighty
cattle and twenty 40m2 quadrats were conventionally sampled for ticks in UNIZIK
between April 2009 and March 2012. The 608 ticks recovered from cattle
comprised 386 (63.5%) in Wet Season and 222 (36.5%) in Dry Season while the
1441 from pasture comprised 851 (59.1%) in Wet Season and 590 (40.9%) in Dry
Season. Genera of ticks on the sampled cattle during respective Wet and Dry
Seasons were Amblyomma 78 (20.2%) & 37 (16.7%), Boophilus 84 (21.8%) &
43 (19.4%), Hyalomma 135 (34.9%) & 84 (37.8%), and Rhipicephalus 89 (23.1%)
& 58 (26.1%). Amblyomma species were recovered from practically all parts
of cattle, Boophilus and Rhipicephalus species were commonly found around head
and trunk regions while Hyalomma species were recovered mainly from the limbs
and adjoining lower parts of the body. NIKE AIR MAX 2017 HEREN DAME LOVERS
ZWART WIT Average tick burdens were 77.2 ticks/head (Wet Season) and 44.4
ticks/head (Dry Season), with the Wet and Dry Seasons compositions as Amblyomma
(15.6 and 7.4), Boophilus (16.8 and 8.6), Hyalomma (27 & 16.8), and
Rhipicephalus (17.8 & 11.6). Nike Air Max 90 Dames Female to male Sex ratio
of the adult ticks was 1: 1.68 (Wet Season) and 1: 1.66 (Dry Season). For the
genera, the Wet and Dry Seasons female to male ratios were Amblyomma 1: 1.53
& 1: 1.54, Boophilus 1: 1. 98 & 1: 1.8, Hyalomma 1: 1.68 & 1: 1.64,
and Rhipicephalus 1: 1.58 & 1: 1.7. Differences in sex ratios among the
genera were not significant (P>0.05) but sexual dimorphism occurred, with
males being smaller than females. Air Max 2016 Dames Goedkoop Mean abundance of
ticks on the sampled quadrats were 42.5 (Wet Season) and 29.5 (Dry Season),
comprising Amblyomma (19.5 and 10.8), Boophilus (10.0 and 9.4), Hyalomma (3.5
and 3.5), and Rhipicephalus (9.5 and 5.8). Larvae of Boophilus, larvae and
adults of Hyalomma, and all forms of Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus were found on
sampled quadrats, thus confirming the statuses of Boophilus as 1-host tick,
Hyalomma as 2-host tick, with Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus as 3-host ticks.
Average Wet Season densities (ticks/m2) on respective locations of ‘very high’,
‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘low’, and ‘very low’ intensity-of-cattle activities were
1.66, 0.9, 0.98, 0.49, and 0.82 (P<0.05). Similarly, Dry Season densities
(ticks/m2) on these locations were 1.52, 0.9, 0.49, 0.10, and 0.00 respectively
(P<0.05). Abundance of ticks on quadrats had direct relationship with the
spatial ranking of intensity of cattle activities on the sampled location. Nike
Air Max 2016 Heren Amblyomma species was dominant in UNIZIK, and there were significant
differences (P<.05) between the respective Wet and Dry Seasons Indices of
Dominance calculated for Amblyomma species in the ‘very high’ intensity of
cattle activity location were 0.1940 & 0.1320, ‘high’ (0.2570 &
0.1420), ‘moderate’ (0.2338 & 0.1326), ‘low’ (0.1377 & 0.1250), and
‘very low’ (0.2462 & 0.0). However, Hyalomma species was found to be the
most dominant species on cattle sampled in UNIZIK. It was inferred that cattle
introduced these ticks into UNIZIK. Nike Air Max 90 CamouflagDame The genera of
ticks in UNIZIK are well-known vectors of disease pathogens in sub-Saharan
Africa and Nigeria. Result of this study will help to fill the gap on the
knowledge of the diversity, abundance and dynamics of ticks in UNIZIK, as well
as increase public health awareness on the hazards associated with ticks.
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