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EVALUATING
THE PROBLEMS OF WATER SUPPLY IN LAGOS STATE
1.1
Background to the Study
Water is
life: adequate supply of water is central to life and civilization. The five
basic human needs namely air, water, food, light, and heat. Water is common
factor to other four. It is therefore not an understatement to say water is
life, because it forms an appreciable proportion of all living things including
man. In fact, water is very critical to human life. Water constitutes about 80%
of animal cells. The human body by weight consists of about 70% water and
several body functions depend on water (Human development report 2006).
According to
the popular Nigerian musician Fela Kuti who in his song “water no get enemy”
reiterated that all human activities cling on water and that man will go to any
length to search for water in times of scarcity and this has proven the slogan
“water is life” right. In the third world countries of the world with Nigeria
inclusive, the problem of portable water supply in slum area (Kpakungu, Niger
State) have poised a lot of challenges with task of collecting water falling
largely on women and children and their journey to collect water is long,
tiring and often dangerous, it prevents millions of mothers from working and
lifting their families out of poverty. It keeps millions of children out school
and from playing, depriving them of the wellbeing and education necessary to
become healthy adults. Where there are clean water sources, inadequate
sanitation threatens them and spreads diseases such as diarrhoea and cholera.
People are forced to walk for water because governments fail to prioritise
water and sanitation for all (The World Walks for Water, 2010).
According to
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report 2012, 783 million people, or 11%
of the global population, remain without access to an improved source of
drinking water. Such sources include household connections, public standpipes,
boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs and rainwater collections.
The world has met the MDGs drinking water target five years ahead of schedule
but work is not yet completely done. Also, there are regions particularly
delayed such as Sub-Saharan Africa where over 40% of all people without
improved drinking water live.
1.2 Problem
Statement
Lagos State
has witnessed remarkable expansion, growth and developmental activities such as
buildings, road constructions, deforestation and many other anthropogenic
activities. In this regard lagos state has been facing a lot of problems such
as over population, poor water supply and sanitation, environmental problems of
air and noise pollution, uncollected refuse, flooding due to inadequacy or
absence of drainage facilities in some parts.
1.3
Objective of the study
The major
objective of the study is evaluating the problems of water supply in Lagos
state.
1.4 Research
questions
(1) what is
water supply?
(2) what are
the sources of water supply in Lagos state?
(3) what are
the problems of water supply in Lagos state?
1.5
Significance of the Study
The findings
of this research may help in providing access to adequate potable water supply
and a better sanitation through the use of research and advocacy. It also help
to identify the pattern of access to public water supply and sanitation in
Lagos state. So also to create a database of the existing water source and
their problems and to identify the problems of water and sanitation in Lagos
state.
1.6 Scope of
the Study
The research
focuses on evaluating the problems of water supply in Lagos State.
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