AWARENESS OF THE DANGERS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND MOTHERHOOD AMONG TEENAGE MOTHERS IN IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
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AWARENESS OF
THE DANGERS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND MOTHERHOOD AMONG TEENAGE MOTHERS IN IKA
SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the study
AWARENESS OF
THE DANGERS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND MOTHERHOOD AMONG TEENAGE MOTHERS IN IKA
SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the study
The number
of teenagers giving birth each year in Nigeria is increasing. Babies are seen
dumped in toilet places, bushes and road sides. These babies who are dumped are
in most cases, given birth to by teenagers who are unwed. Some of these teenage
mothers cannot identify the fathers of their babies because they have multiple
sex partners so they feel the best option is to dump such babies.
Some teenage
girls become mothers, because they cannot meet some life goals. Being a teenage
mother is not accidental for some girls but intentional. This is because such
girls see no better option in life other than being a mother. That is the
reason most current sex and pregnancy preventive education efforts are
ineffective at preventing teenage motherhood. There is a public concern over
the rate at which the number of teenage mothers is increasing. The resolution
to become a teenage mother by these young girls has triggered both political
debate and academic inquiry.
Teen
childbearing is associated with negative outcomes for teen parents, their
children, and society. The vast majority of all pregnancies among teenagers are
unintended that-is, they were either unwanted or they occurred outside marriage
(Ohonsi 2010). Teen birth rate in Katsina is the highest when compared to those
of other states including Oyo and Edo. (Ogbu 2013).These teenage mothers face a
variety of difficult decisions. For the unmarried ones, they must decide
whether to raise the born child or to place the baby for adoption. For the
married ones, they must make decision with their husbands about mode of delivery,
are they going for normal delivery, cesarean section or go for an abortion?
This
particular thought may come due to under development of pelvis. Other critical
decision about school, work, house chores, and how to care for the new born
among others, need to be made. In Kano, many teenage mothers experience
obstructed labour due to poor development of pelvis. This always resulted in
serious maternal morbidity, for example, Vessico Virginal Fistula (VVF) or
maternal mortality. Age of marriage has
traditionally been low in kinship-based societies and economies. In such areas,
most girls married soon after menarche; fertility was high and consequently
many children were born from teenage mothers. This was not considered to be a
problem. The teenage mother receive good family and community supports. Timely
quality antenatal care and deliveries were by Traditional Birth Attendants
(TBAs).
In Abia and
Imo States, some teenagers got pregnant for economic reasons, they gave birth
and sold such babies. They are instances where some girls sold their babies for
a token of ten thousand naira (N10,000)
The
preventive programmes based on promoting abstinence in most Nigerian secondary
schools, do not reduce teenage sex, pregnancy and motherhood. The school based
clinics, sex education and contraceptive service programmes have little impact
on teenage sexual activity. Teenage motherhood continues to rise in every state
in Nigeria. Many teenage girls see themselves as having nothing to strive for
as they cannot see graduating from a tertiary school because they have few role
models to follow, their teachers give them little encouragement about their
abilities, their families are chaotic and their friends are on drugs. So
parenting looks more like the best option for them. Such girls think babies
provide immediate source of unconditional love.
Effective
prevention of unplanned teen pregnancies that will result in teenage motherhood
will save the Nigerian society the cost she pays to support a teen mother her
children and grand children. It would also break the cycle related to
psychopathologies in our culture, including drug and alcohol abuse, fetal
alcohol syndrome, drug induced birth defect, drops out of school, crime,
domestic violence and poverty, for all teenagers that become mothers, before
they were prepared, the society keeps paying the cost. This could be seen in
most city centers when some of such teenagers beg for alms. Others rely on the
generosity of members of the church or philanthropic society.
In Abia, Imo
Enugu and Anambra state, the problem of teenage pregnancies is further
compounding by the involvement of some fathers and advanced adults in the
inducements of teenage girls to feed the baby factories with their offspring.
Teenage pregnancy is linked with several issues that include low educational
levels, higher rate of poverty, and other poorer outcomes in children of
teenage mothers. Teenage pregnanc in most developing countries is often outside
marriage. This comes with certain social stigma in many communities.
Drugs and
alcohol that remove inhibition can easily trigger and encourage unintended
sexual activities. It has not been comprehensively established that the drugs
themselves directly influence teenagers to indulge in risky behaviours, or
whether it is true that the teenagers that engage in drug use, are more likely
to indulge in sexual activities. This is premised on the logic that correlation
does not imply causation. The drugs that have a strongest evident linkage in
teenage pregnancies include alcohol, ecstasy, cannabis and amphetamines.
Advance
countries of the world try to see that their young ones are given the best
formal education so that they can grow in knowledge, attitude and skills that
will bring about increase in productivity and technological advancement, and in
general economic growth and development. This process of formal Education,
which starts at very tender age of less than one, is consolidated, when these
persons are in their teens. Since the brain and other learning faculties have
been fully developed. Losing these great human resources to unplanned
pregnancies and teenage child bearing is a minus to any economy.
Statement of
the Problem
In recent
decades, teenage pregnancy and motherhood has become an important health issue.
A great number of country experience this phenomenon, both developed and
developing Pregnant teenagers face many of the obstetrics issues as other older
women. There are however additional medical concerns for mothers aged under 15.
Risks of low birth weight, premature labour, anemia and pre-eclampsia are
connected to the biological age. For mothers age 15-19, risk are associated
more with socio-economic factors than with biological effects of age. Teenage pregnancy and mother hood is a serious
risk factor, and this mostly occurs when these teenage girls are having their
first delivery.
Besides it
is a well known fact that most teenage girls are not able to cope with some
challenges that come with motherhood. Most teenage girls in the area under
study are found to have at least a child, as such most of them either stop
going to school completely or start schooling after having at least two or more
children. Hence the researcher is interested in finding why such teenagers take
to motherhood at such tender ages, despite all the known negative consequences
associated with teenage pregnancy and motherhood.
Research
Questions;
Are
teenagers aware of the dangers of teenage pregnancy and motherhood?
What are the
factors that predispose teenagers to pregnancy and childbearing?
Are
teenagers aware of the various methods of preventing pregnancy?
Are
teenagers aware of the negative outcomes associated with teenage motherhood?
Are
teenagers from cultural background that encourages early marriage more at risk?
Are teenage
girls whose fathers left home at their tender ages more at risk?
Purpose of
the Study
The main
purpose of the study is to find out why teenagers become mothers in the area
under study. It is also to design interventions for teenage girls to make
transition from adolescence to adulthood without having an unplanned birth
Significance
of the study
The study
will be beneficial to mothers, teenage girls, fathers and all custodians of
teenagers, health educators policy planners, social institutions and the
teeming population in Ika south local government area of Delta state. It will
serve as a tool for counseling teenagers on the dangers of teenage pregnancies
and motherhood.
Scope/Delimitation
of the Study
The scope of
the study is Ika south local government area which comprises Agbor, Abavo,
Idumu esa
The study
will be delimited to teenage mothers in Ika south local government area of
Delta state.
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