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THE ANALYSIS
OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EFFORT TOWARDS CASSAVA PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
The purpose
of this study was to find out the analysis
of Federal Government effort
towards cassava production in pursuance of this study, researcher
objectives and research questions were formulated. Both primary and secondary data were
collected and the data were them presented, analyzed, interpreted using texual,
graphic and tabular modes of data presentation.
The population used in this study consist of 420 farmers in Nkanu East. Though 382 questionnaire were returned of the
420, the survey research method in federal government. However, cassava is the most widely cultivate
crop in the Southern parts of the country cassava production was reported to be
increasing among villages where the cassava, Yam, rice, beans, or peas were the
most important crops, it is also grown by most every household, Nigeria is
currently the largest producer of cassava in the world with an annual
production of over 34 million tones of tuberous roots. Cassava has also
increased in importance in the middle belt in recent years. I n all over fourth
fifths of the cultivatable land area is suitable for cassava growing. Furthermore, the federal government should be
more sincere in the policy making which is standing tool for the progress if
the project.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research
Question
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Scope and limitations of the study
1.8 Definition of Terms
Reference
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Trend in Cassava Production in Nigeria
2.2 Resource Base of the Cassava
Production
2.3 Spread and Economic Importance of Cassava
2.4 Constraints in Cassava Production
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Research
Design and Methodology
3.1
Research Design
3.2
Area of Study
3.3
Population of Study
3.4 Sampling
Technique
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Collection
3.8 Method of Data Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.2 Data Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of
Findings, Recommendations and Conclusion
5.1 Summary
of Findings
5.2
Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Cassava is
one of the most important crops in Nigeria. It is the most widely cultivated
crop in the Southern part of the country in terms of area devoted to it and
number of farmers growing it. Indeed, it is growth by almost every household,
cassava has also increased in important in the middle belt in recent years, in
all places, cassava has become very popular as a good and cash crop and is fast
replacing yam and other traditional staples of the area. In all over fourth fifth of the cultivable
land area is suitable for cassava growing.
Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) was
introduction into central African from South America in the Sixteeth century by
the early Portuguese explorers (Jones 1959), it was probably the emancipated
slaves who introduced the cassava crop into Southern Nigeria as they returned
to the country from South America with the Islands of Scio-Tonne and Fernando
Po A. E. that time there were Portuguese colonies of Nigeria shores (Ekandem)
cassava, however, did not become important in the country until the end of the
nineteenth century when processing techniques were introduced, as many more
slaves returned home. Cassava is
important not only as a good group but even more so as a major source of income
for rural households, Nigeria is currently the largest producer of cassava in
the world with an annual production of over 34 million tones of tuberous
roots. Cassava is largely consumed in
many processed forms in Nigeria, its use in the industry and liverstock feed,
it well known but is gradually increasing, especially as important substitution
becomes prominent in the industrial sector of the economy.
As a cash crop, cassava generates each
income for the largest number of households of comparison with other
staples. It is produced with relevant
purchased inputs as frequently as and in some cases more of total production,
probably larger than of most staples, is planted annually for sale.
As a food corp, cassava has some
inherent characteristic which make it attractive, especially to the cassava
processing industries in Nigeria. First,
it is rich in carbohydrate especially starch and consequently has a
multiplicity of end uses, secondly, it is available all year round, making it
preferable to other more seasonable crops such as grains, pees and beans and
other crops for food security. Compared
to grains, cassava is more tolerant of low soil fertility and more resistance
to drought, pest and disease furthermore, its roots are storable in they ground
for months after the mature. These
attributes combined with other socio economic consideration are therefore what
the federal government (IFAD) has recognized in the crop as lending itself to a
commodity based approach to poverty alleviation (FAD/IC, 1995). The socio economic importance of cassava and
the accidental introduction of cassava mealybug which ravaged most cassava
fields in the major producing areas led to the federal governments direct
intervention in a way of rendering effort to the subsector, in the implementation
to the IFAD assisted cassava multiplication project (CMP) between 1987 and
1996. In the early 1980s Udemili South
of Anambra State Nkanu East drusticaly the combined effects of pests disease
(Mosaic virus, cassava bacteria bright) Cassava Production Fell (Mealybug and
Green Spider Mite), thereby posing a threat to national food security. In response, IFAD initiated the CMP as a
parallel financed part of the World Bank – assisted MSADP –L. The overall objective of the CMP was to
multiple, promotes and distribute improve varieties to cassava processing
industries so as to improve productivity and income.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Government
intervention and the efforts on non government organization in the cassava
subsector have led to a number of measures that support the production,
processing and marketing of cassava, dating back to the 1970s, these include
government programme such as the National Accelerated Food Production Programme
(NAFPPO), and Operation Feed the Nation (OFN), the Agricultural Development
Projects (ADP), the development of the National Agricultural Research Systems
and their close collaboration with the International institute of tropical
Agriculture (IITA) and other International Agricultural research centres and large
scale planting material multiplication and distribution facilitated by the IFAD
assisted Cassava Multiplication Programme (CMP) and activities of oil companies
and church organizations through these efforts, appreciable program has been
made in genetic improvement, agronomic practices, root storage and in the
development of processing technology and rural infrastructure concerted efforts
have also been made to introduce improved practices to farmers. Thus, improved varieties now occupy
approximately 0.75 percent of cassava land area and several labour intensive
operation in processing notably grating, dewatering and milling, have
mechanized. This has had a great effect
on cassava land area expansion and production growth. Despite the rapid growth in cassava
production, the cassava subsector in Nigeria is soil constrained by a number of
factors, namely pest and diseases agronomic problems, shortages of planting
materials, inconsistent policy measures, poor market access, limited
diversification of processing options, inefficient extension delivery system
and inadequate access to improve processing technology. Consequently, future intervention strategies
should include the following;
- Development, rapid multiplication and
dissemination of improve varies to enhance the availability and diversity of
improved planting materials.
- Development and extension of improved
agronomic practice for cassava production.
- Deliberate efforts to supports the
development of cassava processing prototypes and identification of application
and useful technologies and incentive for local entrepreneurs to fabricate
them. This will sara labor and improve the efficiency of processing, raise the
quality and enhance marketability of products.
The design of such machines should be gender, sensitive, beaning in mind
the cardinal role of women in processing.
- Strengthening of Extension: Farmers
linkage with research to facilitate the ongoing spread of cultivars, management
practice and processing techniques. This
should lead to the mobilization of farmers through emphasis on a participatory
development approach, family or group based extension and seed multiplication
activities involving due recognition of the role of women in production,
processing and marketing and assistance that would enable all farmers to take
advantages of development programmes as far as possible, adequate and sustained
research funding which must be timely released.
- Development of new cassava products and
packaging techniques for existing and new products.
- Promotion of industrial uses of cassava
and diversification of processing options to encourage increased cassava
production and enhanced rural household incomes.
- Establishment of a sound macro economic
policy that would promote sustained cassava development.
- Investment in rural infrastructure
(especially feeder roads and water supply) to promote cassava production,
processing and marketing and
- Greater involvement of the private sector
and non-governmental organization in the use of researcher and technology in
cassava production, processing and marketing in the development of
infrastructural facilities.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The general
objective of this research is to analyze the effort of federation government
towards cassava production using cassava processing industries in Nkanu East of
Enugu state a reference point therefore, the specific objective are as follows:
- To determine the economic importance of
cassava
- To determine the role of government in
cassava production in Nigeria.
- To assess means of improving cassava
production in Nigeria
- To find out further intervention for
production, processing and storage of cassava and
- To make recommendation based on the
findings of the study.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the trends in cassava production
and utilization between 2001 and 2010 at the national level?
2. What are the major interventions of
efforts of federal government toward cassava production?
3. How can we analyze the investment in
cassava research or development, including production, processing and marketing
of the crops?
4. What is the success and failures (or
limitations) or the federal government interventions or efforts towards.
5. What is the success and failures (or
limitations of the federal government interventions or efforts towards cassava
production?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H1: The major interventions or efforts of the
federal government towards cassava production have yielded positive result.
H0: The investments or an effort of the federal
government towards cassava production has yielded negative result.
H2: The investment in cassava research or
development has improved the production, processing and marketing of the crop.
H0: The investment in cassava research or
development has not improved the production processing and marketing or the
crop.
H3: There is investment in infrastructure and
service to promote development (roads, storage facilities etc) and processing
infrastructure.
H0: There is no investment in infrastructure
and service to promote development of the crop both in service infrastructure (roads,
storage facilities etc) and processing infrastructure
H4: There are the successes in federal
government intervention or efforts towards cassava production.
H0: There are failures in federal government
interventions or efforts towards cassava production.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
importance of the study cannot be over emphasized consequently it will be of
benefit which includes the following:
- Development, rapid multiplication and
dissemination of improved varieties to enhance the availability and diversity
of improved planting materials.
- Deliberate efforts to supports the
development of cassava processing protypes and identification of applicable and
useful technologies and incentives for local entrepreneurs to fabricate
them. This will sava labour and improve
the efficiency of processing, raised the quality and enhance marketability of
products. The design of such machine
should be gender sensitive, bearing in mind the cardinal role of women in
processing.
- Strengthening of extensive – farmers linkage
with research of facilitate the ongoing spread of cultivars, management
practice and processing techniques. This should lead to the mobilization of
farmers through emphasis on a participatory development approach, family or
group based extension and seed multiplication activities involving due
recognition of the role of women in production, processing and marketing and
assistance that would enable all farmers to take advantages of development
programms as far as possible, adequate and sustained research funding which
must be timely released.
- Development of new cassava products and
packaging techniques for existing and new products.
- Promotion of industrial uses of cassava
and diversification of processing, option to encourage increased cassava
production and enhance rural household income.
- Establishment of a sound macro economic
policy that would promote sustains cassava development.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Cassava: It is a type of floor made from
the thick roots of a tropical plan and it is the most important crops in
Nigeria.
- Federal Government: A system of
government in which the individual states of a country should have control over
the affairs of plants.
- Crops: A plant that is grown in large
quantitative, especially as food, cassava has always been an important crop on
the land.
- Cultivated: Land used to grow crops or
plans that are also wild grown on a farm etc in order to be sold.
- Industries: A production of goods from
raw materials, especially in factories heavy/light industries.
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