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PROBLEM AND
PROSPECT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Agriculture
sectors is one of the earliest sector, it starts when man has to survive as
gathering of fruits and nuts. He has depended on the natural burning of the
forest and water body. It is only recently as perhaps ten thousand year ago
that man began to adopt and attempt to domesticate animals and plants. He began
the transition from primitive hunting and gathering and the practices of
animal’s husbandry and tilling of the land.
At first, he
did this unconsciously but as time passed he consciously selected the better
forms of animals and pants for breeding purposes. This process has to continue
to accelerate to modern times and has gone so far that the common agricultural
crops and animals of today are very unlike the wide forms.
In modern
times men consciously selected both plants and animals according to the
well-established principles of genetic inheritance and breeds form more closely
adapted to his requirement.
Agriculture
is a sinequanon to any economy for an economy to develop well the agricultural
sector must be given a dynamic role to play. Inspite of the important role of
agriculture in Edo state, the people or citizen have vague ideal that
agriculture is concerned only with soil cultivation. But a more comprehensive
definition according to Olyyemi (1975) defined agriculture as the cultivation
of soil and the feeding and management of crops and livestock for the use of
man, the disposal of those products for marketing.
In some
nation, agriculture sector is give priority because it provide raw material for
the industrial sector, food and meat for the development of man, food and
shelter are basic necessities for human consumption are both originated from
farming activities. Whether one work in secondary or territory sector, without
agriculture, the final output which we rely upon cannot be achieved.
As regard to
the important, agriculture provides employment opportunities to the labour for
through direct employment into agricultural and interrelated industrial and
manufacturing sectors. For this, sector contribute efficiently, there is need
for better decision making and implementation, good management and adoption of
cost production techniques distributive channels, marketing, research for
better pricing system, recognition of the availability of land including soil
preservation and provision of storage facilities.
Farm out
become low because the system of farming still involves the use of simpler farm
tools like cutlass and hoe on proper knowledge on how to apply chemicals to
those crops. Capital investment is small and modern input like fertilizer and
improved seeds are still not widely use by most of the farmers.
As developed
and industrialized countries like United State of America, Germany, Canada, etc
agriculture still ranks high in their government privities. This is so because
it provides them on alternative sources of foreign reserve, as well as
internal, direct and indirect economic benefits derived from balanced terms of
trades with other countries.
Be that at
it may, poor performance of the agriculture sector to provide adequate food for
the growing population declining productivity of most exported crops which has
contributed to substantial reduction in foreign exchange earning and declining
condition of agricultural products to gross domestic products in the real
terms.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Due to the
fact that agriculture play an important role in the development of the economy
of Edo state, some problem are still associated with the production of
agriculture. The attitude of the farmer towards production of crops, little did
they know about new technology of modern farming. Most farmers are still stick
to their old ways as a result of the use of crude equipment in farming such as
cutlass, thereby reducing the yield in production.
Cultural
consciousness had made some farmers to willing object to the use of farming
technique because of some cultural belief that if the modern system is applied,
the crops will not do well or the gods of the land will not be happy with them
as such they restrict the production to a particular location, no need for
expansion, this will lead to low productivity.
The fact
that most our farmers are low level income earners, they cannot invest on the
purchase of machine that could have boost their production. Also most people
are of the mind that agriculture is simply farming as a matte of fact, its
meant for the low level people, this has made many of them deviate from the
farming practice.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major
objectives of the study are:
1. To identify the problems facing
agriculture production in Edo state.
2. To examine the role of agriculture
in economic development of Edo state.
3. To suggest possible solution to the
problems that have emanated.
4. To make appropriate recommendations
to the farmers or modern use of farming techniques.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS
In the light
of the objective of the study, the following significances are formulated.
1. Inadequate funding leads to low
productivity of agriculture in Edo state.
2. Conservative attitude of the
farmers to adapt to modern techniques of agricultural practices lead to low
agricultural productivity.
3. Lack of proper usage of agriculture
facilities such as fertilizer, chemical, etc leads to low production of
agricultural development of the economy.
4. High level of illiteracy affect the
role of agriculture in the economic development of the state
5. Government inability to provide
incentive to farmer lead to low productivity of agriculture.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The role of
agriculture is a sinequanon in the economic development of Edo state, as a
matter of fact; the importance of agriculture will be enumerated.
Agriculture
provides the basic for requirement of the population. Man needs some essential
nutrient for nourishment of the body growth. It also supplies many of the raw
materials for industry for the manufacture of goods for the use of man.
Agriculture
provides income and employment for the majority of the population. Around
ninety percent (90%) of the population of West African employed in agriculture
in Nigeria, seventy (70) percent of the figure are slightly below the average
for the whole west Africa but even in the country, the great majority of the
population depend on agriculture for income and employment.
Agriculture
exports are of great importance in earning foreign exchange of the country that
buy these product pay for them in their own currency.
These money
got as a result of exchange of agricultural goods can be use to purchase some
vital goods like capital goods which help in the economic development of the
nation or state.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study
covers the problems of agriculture in the economic development of Edo state and
emphasis will be laid on some specific area of production, such as crops. Like
cassava, maize, etc also animal productions like chickens, goat to mention but
a few.
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