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CAUSE,
EFFECT SOLUTION OF INFLATION IN NIGERIA
2.1
THEORETICAL LITERATURE
The nature
of the relationship between population growth and economic growth has so
attracted the attention of a large number of the world€™s most influential
thinkers that most of them have started propounding theories to explain the
relationship. Generally the various explanations of the relationship between
population growth and the society have focused on the causes of population
growth, the consequences of population growth, and the responses of people to
population growth. Most of the early writers on population growth were very
much concerned with the need to balance population with resources.
According to
Okafor (2004:84), population is a critical factor in the development plans of
any civilized society. For effective planning for the development of developing
countries, it is necessary to have an actual count of the population i.e. in
form of an accurate census. This will enable government to know how many people
to whom they should distribute amenities and social services.
According to
Udabah (2002:59), it is a central problem of economic development. If the
population of a nation expands as fast as national income, per capita income
will not increase. When population expands rapidly, a country may by great
effort raise the quantity of capital only to find that a corresponding rise in
population has occurred so that the net effect of its €Å“growth policy€ is that
larger populations now maintained at the original low standard of living. Much
of the problem of developing nations like that of Nigeria is due to population
growth. Most developing nations have made appreciable gains in income, like
Nigeria do in exporting crude, but most of the gains have been eaten up
(literally) by the increasing population.
On the other
hand, the early Roman Christians and Islamic writers were largely in favour of
population growth without showing concern for the need to balance the number of
people with available resources. This attitude was apparently influenced by
high mortality, which characterized the period.
2.1.1
THEORIES 0F POPULATION GROWTH
Most world thinkers or philosophers have in
recent times been attracted by the nature of the relationship between
population growth and the socio economic system of a given geographical zone.
This attraction gave rise to the postulation of so many theories of population.
Among these theories, they can be classified into three classes or school of
thoughts.
The
pessimistic theorist (The Malthusian theory).
The
optimistic theorist (Marxist theorist)
Liberal
theorist.
2.1.2 THE
MALTHSIAN THEORY
Thomas Malthus was an English clergyman who
lived from 1766-1834. He was widely known as the first professional
demographer. It was during the period of the physiocrate thinking in the 18th
century that he postulated his theory. He had the most influential work
relating to population growth and its consequences. He was the first man to
draw out in a systematic way a picture that links the consequence of growth to
its causes. His theory of population growth can be broken into eight major
points based on evolution.
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