ATTENTION
BEFORE
YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ
THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU
CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000
ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE
BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP
US ON 08137701720
PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM ELEPHANT GRASS (Pennisetum
purpureum) STEM
ABSTRACT
The production of bio-ethanol from Elephant grass (Pennisetun
purpureum) stem was carried out using elephant grass stem as a feedstock and a
combination of Aspergillus niger at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v), 0.8%(w/v)
and 1%(w/v) concentrations and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast) at 0.5% (w/v),
1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v)and 2.5%(w/v) concentrations as cells by
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The study determined the
most suitable pre-treatment method from the following pretreatment methods; 1M
H2SO4, 0.1M H2SO4, 1M NaOH, 0.2M NaOH, Boiling, and 3M NH4OH. IM NaOH
pre-treatment gave the highest cellulose and lowest lignin
content. The effects of temperature at 25oC, 30oC, 35oC, 40oC
and 45oC; pH values of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5; substrate
concentration values of 1%(w/v), 2%(w/v), 3%(w/v), 4%(w/v) and 5%(w/v);
particle size range of 53-106µm, 106-150µm, 150-250µm, 250-300µm and 300-425µm;
and cell loading combination ofAspergillus niger at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v),
0.8%(w/v), 1%(w/v) concentrations and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast) at 0.5% (w/v),
1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v),
2.5%(w/v) on the hydrolysis and fermentation process were
investigated to obtain optimum conditions of fermentation. The optimum
conditions of fermentation were obtained at temperature of 350C, pH value of
5.5, substrate concentration of 30g/l, particle size range of 250-300µm and
Aspergillus niger to yeast ratio of 0.6/1.5 after 72 hours of fermentation
time. Also substrate concentration of 30g/l, gave highest ethanol concentration
of 23.4g/l and a yield of 78%. From the research, the kinetic Parameters which
are reaction constant k and order of reaction n were evaluated to be
8.172x10-8l/g.s and 2 respectively.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
Energy availability, supply and use play a central role in
the way societies organize themselves, from individual welfare to social and
industrial development. By extension, energy accessibility and cost is a
determining factor for the economical, political and social interrelations
among nations. Considering energy sources, human society has dramatically
increased the use of fossil fuels in the past 50 years in a way that the most
successful economies are large consumers of oil. However, geopolitical factors
related to security of oil supply, high oil prices and serious environmental
concerns, prompted by global warming, the use of petrol for transportation
which accounts for one-third of greenhouse gas emissions (Wyman, 1996), have
led to a push towards decrease in its consumption. Indeed, the world's
strongest economies are deeply committed to the development of technologies
aiming at the use of renewable sources of energy. Within this agenda, the
substitution of liquid fuel gasoline by renewable ethanol is of foremost
importance. Biomass – derived ethanol represents one of the more promising
commodities for long term sustainability of transportation fuels (Chum and
Overend, 2001).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
After
paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the
following information to
08068231953
or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK
ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR
MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953
or 08168759420
https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
https://foreasyprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://mypostumes.blogspot.com.ng/
https://myeasymaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://eazyprojectsmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
https://easzprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
Comments
Post a Comment