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OPTIMIZATION OF BAGASSE ASH CONTENT IN CEMENT-STABILIZED
LATERITIC SOIL
ABSTRACT
The frequent rises in the price of cement and other binders
have resulted in the escalation of the cost of construction, rehabilitation and
maintenance of roads. One of the possible ways of cost reduction is to convert
waste bagasse residue into ash and use it as a supplement/partial replacement
for cement. Therefore this study is an attempt to optimize bagasse ash content
in cement-stabilized lateritic soil for low-cost roads. The bagasse ash and
lateritic soil were characterized by carrying out Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer and soil preliminary tests as well as X-ray diffraction
respectively. Compaction test, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive
strength and durability tests were carried out on the soil stabilized with 2%,
4%, 6% and 8% cement contents and bagasse ash ranging from 0% to 20% at 2%
intervals; all percentages of the bagasse ash and cement were by the weight of
dry soil. Cost analysis was carried out for the constituents of the stabilized
material and a model was formed for cost evaluation. Also three regression
models were developed that involved relationships of cost of bagasse ash,
cement content, optimum moisture content, California bearing ratio and
unconfined compressive strength at 7 days curing period. The three regression
models were used to form a non-linear model which was linearized and solved
with the simplex method including sensitivity analysis on the objective
function and the constraints. Attempt was also made to apply Scheffe’s
regression method from obtained results. It was observed that the increase in
bagasse ash content increased the optimum moisture content but reduced maximum
dry density. On the other hand higher bagasse ash tremendously improved the
strength properties of the stabilized matrix. The optimum contents for bagasse
ash, cement and optimum moisture content for an economic mix were 14.03%, 4.52%
and 22.46% respectively at a cost of 39.50 kobo for stabilizing 100 grams of
the lateritic soil as against 43.52 kobo for stabilizing with only cement.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Bagasse-ash is an agricultural material obtained after
squeezing out the sweet juice in sugarcane and incinerating the residue to ash.
Bagasse is the fibrous residue obtained from sugarcane after the extraction of
sugar juice at sugarcane mills or sugar producing factories (Osinubi and
Stephen, 2005). The climatic and soil conditions favourable for the production
of sugarcane are present in the Northern part of Nigeria and consequently,
there is abundant production of it in the area. Sequel to the foregoing is
massive generation of sugarcane residue waste which constitutes disposal
problems and requires handling. There is yet no adequate awareness about the
usefulness of the sugarcane residue in the country, in other words very little
value has been attached to it. In some cases, the residue is being utilized as
a primary fuel source for sugar mills and also for paper production. However
incinerating it to ash and adopting it as admixture in stabilized soils because
it has been found to be a good pozzolana, adds to its economic value.
The major part of Nigeria is underlain by basement complex
rocks, the weathering of which had produced lateritic materials spread over
most part of the area. It is virtually impossible to execute any construction
work in Nigeria without the use of lateritic soil because they are virtually
non-swelling (Osinubi, 1998a). The climatic and geological position of Abia
state with her alternating humid and dry periods enhanced the rich deposition
and formation of lateritic soils which have been very often utilized as fill
materials in road construction and other civil engineering works.
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