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ISO-SAFETY DESIGN OF FLAT SLABS IN ACCORDANCE WITH EUROCODE 2
ABSTRACT
This research work focuses on the development of Iso-safety
design charts for flexural design of flat slabs at predefined reliability
levels in accordance with Eurocode 2 (2004) design criteria. Constitutive
models for reinforcing steel and concrete were selected in accordance with the
Eurocode 2 design requirements and subsequently the flexural limit state
function was derived. Charts were developed for the flexural design of
rectangular reinforced concrete sections with respect to the position of
neutral axis ( ) for each concrete grade (fck) and steel grade (fyk). Uncertainties
in loading and geometrical properties were obtained and a program was developed
taken into consideration EC2 design requirements, a safety index β value of
1.81 was achieved for various points on each of the generated curve using First
Order Reliability Method (FORM). Reliability-based design charts called
Iso-safety charts were produced to target safety indices; βT of 3.3, 3.8 and
4.3 as the minimum recommended for the three failure consequence classes by
Eurocode 0 (2002). This recommendation shows that Eurocode 2 design of flat
slabs considering flexural failure with safety index value of 1.81 provides
designs that are below the recommended target safety indices. A flat slab was
there after designed using the charts and was shown that for the same loading
and geometrical considerations, the area of flexural reinforcement required
increased by 40%, 55% and 75% over Eurocode 2 design for corresponding target
safety indices of 3.3, 3.8 and 4.3 respectively. Sensitivity analysis of these
provided reinforcements was carried out on other flat slab failure modes and
was observed that at low reinforcement ratios punching shear safety is
dependent majorly on the effective depths rather than the flexural
reinforcement.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Flat-slab system of construction is one in which the beams
used in the conventional methods of constructions are done away with. The slab
directly rests on the columns and load from the slab is directly transferred to
the columns and then to the foundation (Anitha et al., 2007).
The Common practice of design and construction is to support
the slabs by beams and support the beams by columns. This may be called
beam-slab construction. The beams reduce the available net clear ceiling
height. Hence in warehouses, offices and public halls sometimes beams are
avoided and slabs are directly supported by columns. This type of construction
is also aesthetically appealing. The slabs which are directly supported by
columns are called flat slabs.
For many years, it has been assumed in the design of
structural systems that all loads and strengths are deterministic. The strength
of an element is determined in such a way that it exceeded the load with a
certain margin. The ratio between the strength and the load was denoted as the
safety factor which is considered as a measure of the reliability of the
structure. In codes of practice for structural systems, values for loads,
strengths as well as safety factors are prescribed (Sorensen, 2004).
The safety factors are traditionally determined on the basis
of experience and engineering judgment. However, in recent codes such as
Eurocode 2 partial safety factors are used. Characteristic values of the
uncertain loads and resistance are specified and partial safety.
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