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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES DELIVERY IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
Information technology (IT) is the application of computers
and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate
data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is
commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also
encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and
telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology,
including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet,
telecom equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services
(Wikipedia, 2015).
World population now exceeds six billion of which more than
4.7 billion reside in the developing world. As the population is increasing
there is a need to find ways of improving efficiency and quality of health care
delivery systems in developing countries especially in Nigeria where this
research is conducted. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been
identified as a vehicle with the potential to improve the quality of health
care systems as well as the efficiency and service delivery of the health
workers both in the developed and developing countries. Information and
communication technologies have changed the face of the world we live in (Jensen,
1998).
ICT enables people to communicate with family, friends and
colleagues around the world instantaneously, gain access to global libraries,
information resources, and numerous other opportunities. ICT may also bring an
improvement in health care service delivery systems. So, we may define
information technology as one of the driving forces of globalization.
Since the year 2001, there has been a revolutionary growth in
the telephony industry which is a major branch of information technology in
Nigeria. This is expected to have permeated the health care institutions with
significant positive impact on health care service delivery. Two years after
the introduction of GSM in Nigeria, conducted an interview among medical
practitioners in some Nigerian teaching hospitals to find out the current level
of utilization of telephones for health care service delivery. They noted that
medical experts use their personal mobile phones to facilitate patient care at
their own expense. Neither the government nor hospital management had taken up
the responsibility. Currently, the number of GSM service providers in the
country has increased significantly and all of them keep rolling out several
service options or packages including internet services with varying benefits
to attract customers (Agboola, 2003). Although, A GSM based referral system was
developed, validated and recommended for use in the primary health care
centres. The extent to which the growth in telecommunication has impacted
tertiary health care service delivery and how far this has enhanced the
development of an ICT –driven health care practice in Nigeria is still to be
known. This has necessitated the need for study into the relationship between
information technology and service delivery in tertiary hospitals in River
State.
The production of quality health-care service delivery in a
country is guided by the level of the information technology infrastructure
possessed and used by that country. A good information technology
infrastructure, therefore, is a prerequisite for enhancing the well-being of a
country. Gates (1999) reported that intra- and inter-organizational networks in
some advanced countries function like a digital neural system of the
organization. Thus, he inferred that information communication for health
purposes has shifted from the largely manual or physical documentary method to
digital communication. He further stated that such access to information
technology has helped disseminate information to the rest of the world. American
doctors are now able to collaborate as often and as quickly as they want with
other medical doctors in other parts of the world through the use of
information technology. For example, while examining a patient, a medical
doctor might be able to send an electronic x-ray of a patient to a leading
expert in another country who could readily interpret and provide more details
of the disease or condition, as well as send feedback to the medical doctor all
within a few minutes. Medical researchers, in their research and application
processes, can use the Internet to identify research issues, search literature
databases, seek out information on surveys and clinical trials, and published
research results.
1.2 Statement of the
Problem
Several studies have reported on information technology use
among medical and health workers reported that while information technology
capabilities (personal computers, mobile phones, Internet) were available in
Nigerian teaching hospitals, mobile phones were spreading fast. Information
technology has greatly advanced the course of health delivery in advanced
countries. It is also a known fact that computers and mobile phones were in use
in all the teaching hospitals but not much Internet connectivity was available,
meaning that most of the medical experts used external (non hospital) Internet
services, such as cybercafés, for even rudimentary Internet access, such as
e-mail. Several research further explained that while just 1.4% of the medical
staff did not use the Internet in any fashion, the vast majority (70.7%) of
those using the Internet did so only for e-mail. However, the researcher is
examining the effect of information technology on service delivery in Nigerian
Teaching hospitals
1.3
Purpose/objectives of the Study
The following are the objectives of this study:
1. To determine the
level of use of information technology in the tertiary hospitals in Rivers
State.
2. To examine the
relationship between information technology and service delivery in tertiary
hospitals in Rivers State.
3. To ascertain the
factors limiting the use of information technology in tertiary hospitals in
Rivers State.
1.4 Research
Questions
1. What is the level
of use of information technology in the tertiary hospitals in Rivers State?
2. What is the
relationship between information technology and service delivery in tertiary
hospitals in Rivers State?
3. What are the
factors limiting the use of information technology in tertiary hospitals in
Rivers State?
1.5 Research
Hypothesis
HO: There is no significant relationship between information
technology and service delivery in tertiary hospitals in Rivers State.
HA: There is significant relationship between information
technology and service delivery in tertiary hospitals in Rivers State.
1.6 Significance of
the Study
The following are the significance of this study:
1. Findings from this
study will educate the administrators in the Nigeria health sector on the
benefit of information technology on service delivery if applied in the
tertiary hospitals.
2. This research will
also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in
carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to
an extent to provide new explanation to the topic.
1.7 Scope of the
Study
This study on information technology and service delivery
will cover the level of use of information technology based system in the
tertiary hospitals in Rivers state considering its effect on health care
service delivery.
1.8 Limitation of the
study
1. Financial
constraint– Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher
in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the
process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
2. Time
constraint– The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other
academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work.
1.9 Definition of
Terms
Information technology: the study or use of systems
(especially computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and
sending information.
Tertiary hospitals: A tertiary referral hospital (also called
a tertiary hospital, tertiary referral center, or tertiary care center, or
tertiary center) is a hospital that provides tertiary care, which is health
care from specialists in a large hospital after referral from primary care and
secondary care.
REFERENCES
Jensen, M. (1998). Africa Internet Connectivity: Information
and Communication technologies (ICTs) Telecommunications, Internet and Computer
Infrastructure in Africa.. Retrieved from The Association for Progressive
Communications Web site: http://www3.sn.apc.org/africa/
Agboola, A.A. ‚Inform Technology, Bank Automation and Attitude of Workers in
Nigerian Banks‛ in Journal of Social Sciences, Kamla-Raj Enterprises, Gali Bari
Paharwali, India, 2003
Gates, E.W. (1999) ‚Information Technology in the Nigerian Health Industry‛
Spectrum Ibadan, 2000.
Wikipedia (2015): www.wikipedia.com
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