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EFFECT OF GASIFICATION OPERATING PARAMETERS ON QUALITY OF
SYNGAS PRODUCED USING SAWDUST FEEDSTOCK
Abstract
This research work investigates the effect of gasification
operating parameters, namely: equivalence ratio (ER), gasification agent,
reaction zone temperature, and residence time on quality of syngas produced
using sawdust.The research experiments were conducted using a pilot scale
downdraft gasifier with constricted throat and a rotating grate. Temperatures
at reaction zone of the gasifier were monitored directly using a digital
thermometer whereas an online gas analyzer capable of detecting percentage composition
and calorific value was employed to monitor quality of the syngas.Two sets of
experiments were carried out separately; one using air and the other using
oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agents. With air, flow rates at 6.4, 1.9 and
0.7 litre per minute (LPM) were used for the study. The results obtained shows
that the higher air flow level favours better quality of syngas. Air flow rate
at 0.64LPM generated the best quality of syngas containing 13.55 and 2.59% of
CO and H2, respectively. Syngas maximum caloric value of nearly 3MJ/Nm3 at a
temperature of 550°C was observed. Using oxygen enriched-air on the other hand,
flow rate was maintained at 10LPM while varying the percentage oxygen at 21,
30, 40, 50, 60 and 80%.It was found that 40% oxygen enrichment generated the
best quality of syngas containing29.57 and 14.29% of CO and H2
respectively.Syngas calorific value was observed to rise consistently from 2.08
to a maximum of 6.69MJ/Nm3 as percentage oxygen in the gasifying agent was
increased from 21 to 40%. Gasification performance shows that both cold gas
efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion efficiency(CCE) reaches peak value of
46.81 and 82.04% respectively at ER value of 0.2953 which also corresponds to
the 40% oxygen level in gasifying agent.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
The alarming rate of global warmingas a result of harmful
gases released into the atmosphere combined with continual depletion of fossil
fuel resources at unprecedented rate led researchers to devote effort in
developing alternative energy technologies from agricultural wastes like
sawdust, rice husk andsugar cane bagasse to meet up future energy demand
(Christus et al., 2014).
Although it is not known how much fossil fuel is still
available, it is generally accepted that it is being depleted and is
non-renewable. With these challenging circumstances, search for other
alternative renewable forms of energy sources becomes imperative. Other
consequences associated with fossil fuel use include the release of the trapped
carbon in the fossil fuels to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide
which has led to increased concerns about global warming. Also, fossil fuel
resources are not distributed evenly around the globe which makes many
countries heavily dependent on imports (Ajay et al.,
2009).Evidence suggests that conventional oil production has
a limited capacity to meet growing demand, and most additional demand will have
to be met by unconventional sources. Since the globe is turning towards the
sustainable development, renewable energy technologies are getting more
attention all over the world (Bergerson and Keith, 2006).
The combustion of biomass of different varieties has
gaindramatic applications ranging from woodstove for domestic usage to industrial
power generation.
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