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Urbanization
as an Important Determinant in Spatial Organization
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The term
natural vegetation generally refers to the plant cover of an extensive part of
the earth. It also refers to the different plant communities found on the
surface of the earth. (Monkhouse 1970, Collinson 198). The part of the earth on
which plant grow is known as the biosphere. The biosphere is also refers to as
an ecosystem because there is an interrelationship between that plant and other
environmental factors e.g. soil. The land biosphere may be subdivided into bios
cycles, including the land bios cycle which is of relevance to this study since
it carries the forest ecosystem.
However,
vegetation growth depends essentially on the types of soil and climatic factors
of an area, for example rainfall, light and heat which are known to influence
vegetation structure. If vegetation is allow to grow without human
interference. It becomes a primeval forest (Church 1973). However, there is no
primeval forest in Akwa Ibom State because of constant human interference for
agriculture purposes, settlement and urban development and industrialization.
The vegetation cover, except in some distant swamps and few sacred forests, has
undergone serious modification by man. In essence, when to total demand for
land in all categories exceeds supply forest land will be sacrificed tom that
other needs can be met.
Natural
vegetation is the plants and other flora that make up the plant life in the
region, the natural vegetation determine the characteristic of the region.
THE ROLE OF
NATURAL VEGETATION
Vegetation
or natural vegetation support critical functions in the biosphere, at all
possible scales. First, vegetation regulates the flow of numerous
biogeochemical cycles, most critically those of water, carbon, and nitrogen. It
is also of great important in local and global energy balance. Such cycle are
impotent not only fo9r global pattern of vegetation but also for those of
climate.
Second,
vegetation strongly affects soil characteristics, including soil volume,
chemistry and texture, which feed back to affect various vegetation
characteristics, including productivity and structure.
Third,
vegetation serve as wildlife habitat and the energy source for the vast array
of animal species on the planet and, ultimately to those that feed on these.
Vegetation is also critically important to the world economy, particularly in
the use of fossil fuel as an energy source, but also in the global production
of food, wood fuel and other materials.
Perhaps most
importantly, and often overlooked, global vegetation including algal
communities has been the primary source of oxygen in the atmosphere, enabling
the aerobic metabolism system to evolve and persist.
Vegetation
is psychologically important to humans, who evolved in direct contact with and
dependence on, vegetation, for food, shelter, and medicine.
Vegetation
provide shelter to animals and provide us with timber and it is a key component
of an ecosystem and, as such is involved in the regulation of monitor changes
in cover composition and structure due to natural or human influence.
RESEARCH
PROBLEM
In view of
the fact that natural vegetation is obviously the determinant factors of the
characteristic of any geographical region. Akwa Ibom State is in the rain
forest zone but the vegetation has been greatly tempered with under going
serious degradation due to peripheral utilization for agriculture, settlement
purposes and urbanization.
Urbanization,
according to Berry (1973) is “a process of population concentration. It
proceeds in two ways; the multiplication of the points of concentration and the
increase in the size of individual concentrations Hawley (1978) States was
initialed and nurtured by three imperial agencies namely; British colonial
administration, Christian missionary and European business enterprises.
Succeeding indigenous administration later consolidated and expanded it.
In Oron
Local Government Area, the natural vegetation have seriously degrade with the
face of urbanization and settlement due to population increase and poaching
resulting in natural degradation and present of secondary forest thereby
deviating this geographical from her glory or natural vegetation.
The above
mention have interest me to studying more about the influence of urbanization
on the natural vegetation in Oron and recommended the possible solution to
effect conservation.
OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY ARE TO:
Conduct an
appraisal of natural vegetation validity and reliability in Oron Local
Government Area. This can be achieved by:
Accessing
the degree of urban-sprawl of various ages and reliability on vegetation index.
To evaluate
the reliability including floristic from the corresponding urban encroachment
over ages.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
VALIDITY: As
used in this research project, this implies the quality of it value ability or
how genuine.
RELIABILITY:
This implies it dependability and the quality of it content value.
URBAN–SPRAWL:
The extension of the city into country side particularly associated with
improvement mass transport. Torrens (2006) argues that population growth is one
of the most important engines of urban sprawl, and Irwin and Bockstach (2002).
VEGETATION
INDEX: It is the way to describe the net result of canopy coverage, leaf area,
and canopy architecture in a vegetated area. The number and size of leaves, and
how they are arranged horizontally and vertically. Low value on the index means
less vegetation (Earth observatory 2033). See Liang et al (2007). It is common
way to measure Earth’s vegetation from space.
HYPOTHESIS:
The
hypothesis stated to guide this research is that urbanization of natural vegetation.
SIGNIFICANT
OF STUDY
The study of
urbanization and it influence on natural vegetation in Oron Local Government
Area was aim at understanding the extent to which the urbanization have
influence natural vegetation or weather such vegetation have any way impedes
urbanization or urban sprawl in Oron Local Government. However the study will
bring to the fore knowledge, the type of natural vegetation and also to satisfy
the inquisition present burning in the mind of indigenes of the above locality
as to weather, their vegetation characteristic enhance urbanization or impedes
it. And some useful recommendation made that will balance the improvement the
duo.
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