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EFFECT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT
The effect
of environmental pollution on real estate development. Environmental pollution
is one of the problem affecting real estate development that needs quick
attention. Due to many industries located in Nigeria there is much discharge of
gaseous effluent and waste disposal. Also there is the increase of automobile
which generates fumes; smoke from generating plant which is on the increase
polluting the environment. This research use Warri, Delta state as a case
study. The research examined the effect of environmental pollution on real
estate development. It also look at the extent to which it affected the entire
property and other people living around the area and suggested possible
solutions.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Warri is one
of the well known oil producing city in Delta State Nigeria. Warri is one of
the prominent towns in the Niger Delta endowed with great natural resources.
Oil is the
primary base of Nigeria’s economy and is also the cause of major environmental and social problems in the
Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Over the years, oil exploration, production, and
refinement in Nigeria has resulted in various environmental and ecological
problems that range from oil spills, gas flares, habitat destruction, air and
water pollution, and land degradation. Also, a major cause of oil pollution in
that same region is also to a great extent, from the activities of illegal oil
bunkering and illegal refineries operated indigenes and some highly placed
individuals in government. The chemical properties of spilled oil often affect
the productiveness of soil and pollute water bodies, thereby causing
irreparable damage to agricultural lands as well as aquatic bodies. Gas flaring
is a significant environmental and economic problem in Nigeria emits
approximately 70 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually (US EIA1999).
This adversely affects the socio-economic actives of local communities, which
is primarily based on fishing and farming (Egunjobi, 1993). It is estimated that in one region alone in
the Niger Delta, flaring is statistically likely to cause 49 premature deaths,
5000 respiratory illnesses among children and some 120,000 asthma attacks and 8
additional causes of cancer each year ( Environmental Rights Action and the
Climate Justice Programme). Another major issue ravaging Nigeria is water pollution.
According to
Anukam (1997), the main source of water pollution in Nigeria has to do with
forestry activities. Deforestation and improper soil tillage practices increase
the concentration of soil particles that make their way into water bodies and
in turn increases their sediment loads. The discharge of industrial waste
materials into bodies of water is another major source of pollution in Nigeria.
Discharges
from industries such as petroleum, mining, iron and steel, pharmaceuticals, and
textiles among others have increased the contents of sulfates and nitrates in water
bodies and has altered properties such as color and odor (Adelegan 2004). A
large percentage of Nigerians derive most of their domestic and drinking water
from ponds, stream, and shallow wells. Hence, water pollution is a major health
concern that places the health of about 40 million people at risk of diseases
such as cholera, dynestery, diarrhea, and typhoid (Anukam 1997, Adelegan 2004,
Orubu 2006).
Domestic and
Industrial Waste has also constituted a major source of environmental pollution
in Nigeria.
The improper
disposal and ineffective management of municipal waste creates major environmental and aesthetic problems in
most of Nigeria’s urban areas. Due to overpopulation and the creation of slums,
most municipal areas currently generate more waste than they can manage
(Ogbonna and Ekweozor 2002).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Irrespective
of the numerous environmental laws enacted to protect the environment,
environmental degradation has continued unabated. Oils pillage and gas flaring
activities are still commonplace in Nigeria, especially in the oil-rich Niger
Delta. Gas flaring has also continued unabated irrespective of the Nigerian
government’s directive to end flaring by 2010 (Kalu, 2009). Thousands of
barrels of oil have been split into the environment through our oil pipelines
and tanks in the country. Enforcement of environmental regulations is still
poor as industries continue to discharge untreated waste water into the
environment. Heaps of refuse are always a constant sight to behold in Nigerian
streets and markets.
1.3 AIM AND
OBJECTIVES
The aim of
this research work is to examine the effect of environmental pollution on real
estate development in Delta state.
However the
objectives are as follows:
To identify
and examine the impact of environmental pollution on real estate development in
Warri.
To make
suggestions/recommendations on how to address/reduce pollution of the
environment.
To identify
the issues of environmental pollution in real estate development.
1.4 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
Inadequate
finding has restricted the carrying out of a complete and comprehensive
research on the effect of Environmental Pollution on Real Estate in all the oil
producing state in Nigeria. Also there is the problem of distance coverage to
visit all the communities within the study are for the propose of data
collection. Based on this, Warri in Delta state will be the sitting of the
study and all information gathered shall be generalized in the context of
research report.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONs
This research
is carried out to find answers/suggestions to the following questions.
To what
extent has the Nigerian government program towards reduction of the effect of
pollution on real estate been actualized?
How has
environmental pollution affected the value of real estate and as such
discourage investors from real estate development?
What are the
solutions to the challenges of environmental pollution on real estate
development?
1.7
DELINEATION OF STUDY AREA
Warri is one
of the well known oil producing city in Delta State of Nigeria. Warri is one of
the prominent towns in the Niger Delta endowed with great natural resources.
Although it is not the capital tertiary of Delta state (Center of Activity). It
is well populated and as well as such, has much commercial activity are carried
out within the area. This research work shall be centered on Warri as the study
area since it is used as the case study of this research.
1.8
LIMITATION OF TUDY
This
research work was limited by reluctance of residence to give all information
required for the purpose of this research work. Also availability of finance
requirement to visit the entire community of Warri limits this work to an
extent. Much time were not devoted for this research work. With this
limitation, it can not be fully stated with confidence that a complete coverage
was given to the project as demanded.
1.9
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
following are the significance of this study:
The outcome
of this research will educate the general public on the issues and the adverse
effect of environmental pollution in real estate development.
The findings
from this study is going to necessitate measures that will lead to demand for
improved implementation of environmental pollution control laws in Nigeria.
This
research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers
interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently. If
applied, it will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic.
1.10
DEFINITION OF TERMS
EFFECT: is a
change that results when some thing is done or happens; an event, condition, or
state of affairs that is produced by a cause.
POLLUTION:
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that
cause adverse change.
Pollution
occurs in different forms, air, water, soil, radioactive, noise, heat, thermal
and light.
Iii. ENVIROMENT: The sum total of all
surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things,
which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and
damage.
ENVIROMENTAL
POLLUTION: Is defined as the release of toxic harmful substances into the
environment by their natural force or man and his resources. There are four major
types of environmental pollution this include;
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