THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION IN NIGERIA. A Study of Onitsha Metropolis
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THE ROLE OF
SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION IN NIGERIA. A
Study of Onitsha Metropolis
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
An appraisal
of small scale industries in employment creation in Nigeria: A Study of Onitsha
Metropolis.
1.1 Background of the Study
Many
scholars have written widely on small scale industries and its potency to
generate employment, thus, underscoring the quintessence, significance and
relevance of this sub-sector in the development of any given economy. The
experience of developed economies in relation to the roles played by small
scale industries buttresses the fact that the importance of entrepreneurship
cannot be over emphasized especially among the developing countries. In order
to highlight its significance in relation to the growth and development of a
given economy, small scale industries have been variously referred to as a
“source of employment generation”. This is because small scale industrial
activities have been found to be capable of making positive impacts on the
economy of a nation and the quality of life of the people (Adejumo 2000).
Studies have established its positive relationship with stimulation of economic
growth; employment generation; and empowerment of the disadvantaged segments of
the population, which include women and the poor (Olurermi and Gbenga, 2011;
Thomas and Muller,2000; Reynolds, 1987).
Nigeria as a
country has numerous business and investment potentials due to the abundant,
vibrant and dynamic human and natural resources it possesses. Tapping these
recourses requires the ability to indentify potentially useful and economically
viable fields of endeavors. Nigerians have made their marks in diverse fields
such as science, technology, academics, business and entertainment.
Thus, small
scale industries activities and innovative ingenuity in Nigeria have developed
enterprises in the following areas, agricultural/agro-allied activities where
there are foodstuffs, restaurants, fast food vending etc. in the area of
information and telecom business, there are manufacturing and repairs of GSM
accessories and the printing and setting of recharge cards. In hospitality and
tourism business, there are hotels, accommodation, resorts centers, films and
home video production; in oil and gas business, there are construction and
maintenance of pipelines, drilling, refining bye products. In the area of
environment and waste management business, there is refuse collection/disposal,
recycle plant and drainage/sewage construction job. In the area of financial
banking services, there are banking, insurance and stock trading. In
engineering and fabrication work, there are machines and tools fabrications
there is also the building and construction, where there are plan and design
services and material sourcing (Agbeze, 2012)
These human
and natural resources notwithstanding, Nigeria are still one of the poorest
countries in the world and Africa despite its alleged strong economic growth.
Chukwubuikem (2008) notes that youth’s full-time unemployment rate for
2006-2008 was 55.9 percent, 4 times higher (Salami, 2011). Many other
industrial sub-sectors to such a vibrant one that they have been able to reduce
to the barest minimum their unemployment and poverty level because of the
immense contribution of the sub-sector to their economic growth and development
but such cannot be said of Nigeria (Onugu, 2005). In respect of the above sad
and deplorable situation, the government has done little to reduce the misery
and frustrations of the citizen. This has foisted a state of hopelessness on
majority of young people who have resorted to any means including crime to
succeed in life. They resort to vices because they are not gainfully engaged.
In other words, they are unemployed; unemployed, not because they lack the
qualification but because the system has been crippled politically
economically, socio-culturally and even religiously. People especially youths
and graduates became displaced economically (Kuratko, 2009), a situation that
clearly negates the millennium development goals for 2015, I and II: to halve
the proportion of people living in extreme poverty and to halve the proportion
of people suffering from hunger respectively.
The
dexterity with which hunger and poverty have devastated lives and future
ambition of youths especially graduates in Nigeria, have led to scholars
prescribing small scale industries development as the permanent cure for
extreme hunger and poverty necessitated as one of the external forces that
influence the development of small scale industries. The great need for small
scale industries development in Nigeria today, more than ever, is necessitated
by the rate of unemployment and its effect on both the people and the nation
and the need for small and medium enterprises.
In spite of
the fact that small scale industries development has been regarded as the
bulwark for employment generation and technological development in Nigeria, the
sector nevertheless has had its own fair share of neglect with concomitant
unpleasant impacts on the economy against this backdrop. Entrepreneurship when
and if gallantly developed in Nigeria will take its pride of place in fuelling
unemployment and thus generating employment among Nigerian youths especially
the graduates and once again, place the economy on a proper footing.
It is in
this respect that this paper seeks to investigate the connection between small
scale industries and employment generation in Nigeria; assessing the level of
unemployment in Nigeria and how far entrepreneurship has thrived, and also
examines the major problems of entrepreneurship and thus proposing some
plausible strategies that can promote effective small scale industries that
will help quell unemployment and thus generate employment for the Nigerians
youths especially. Based on the above background, the study intends to
investigate the role of entrepreneurial development in unemployment reduction
in Nigeria with particular reference to Onitsha metropolis.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Nigeria is a
country with numerous business and investment potentials due to the abundant
vibrant and dynamic human and natural resources it possesses. As good as the
foregoing sounds, Nigeria continues to experience its share of social, economic
and political upheavals which have often stunted its growth and development
into the regional economic power that it strives to attain. Nigeria has a
relative high rate of violent crimes (Onurubiko, 2009). The fact is that the
Nigeria is becoming hostile to investment due especially to lack of steady and
sustainable power supply/energy crises in spite of the various attempts are
reviving this sector landing to firms depending on generators for their
operation whose cost of buying, fueling and maintenance are high, thereby
increasing the cost of operation in Nigeria.
Besides,
high and multiple levies and taxations being paid by these companies, energy
crises have combined to make the cost of doing business in Nigeria to be very
exorbitant when the industries and factories closed shops or relocated to a
friendlier economic environment, workers were laid off and prospects of
recruiting new ones were dashed. All these exacerbated the crisis of youth
unemployment in the labour market (Adeloye, 2010; Onifade, 2011). Therefore
this research work intends to investigate the role of entrepreneurship
development in unemployment reduction in Nigeria with particular reference to
Awka, Anambra state.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study
intends to achieve the following objectives:
To determine
the role of small scale industries in unemployment reduction in Nigeria.
To determine
if government has a key role to play in ensuring that small scale industries
help in quelling unemployment.
1.4 Research Questions
The
following research questions were formulated to guide the direction of this
research work.
Does small
scale industries development help in unemployment reduction in Nigeria?
Do
government have a key role to play in ensuring that small scale industries
development help in quelling unemployment.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The
hypothesis formulated for this research study include;
Hypothesis
One
H0: There is
no significant relationship between small scale industries and unemployment
reduction in Nigeria.
Hi: There is significant relationship between
small scale industries and unemployment reduction in Nigeria.
Hypothesis
Two
H0:
Government has no key role to play in ensuring that small scale industries help
in quelling unemployment.
Hi:
Government has a key role to play in ensuring that small scale industries help
in quelling unemployment.
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study
focuses on entrepreneurship development as a panacea for unemployment reduction
in Nigeria. The economic potentials of entrepreneurship shall also be explained
as well as the benefit explained with particular reference to residence of
Onitsha metropolis.
The
limitations the researcher encountered during the survey are time constraint,
lack of finance, respondent’s attitudes andtransportation constraints.
Time
Constraints: Research of this nature requires sufficient time for the
execution. But in the case of this project, the allotted time was quite
insufficient. In this regard, the researcher was under pressure throughout the
while work in order to meet the deadline.
Respondents
Attitude: Some of the respondents appeared to be biased in their response and
the greater percentage of the bias is during peak sales periods when the
respondents had little or no time for non business discussion.
Finance:
Finance has always been the pilot around which the success of any research
revolves. In this case, the researcher was constrained financially because the
researcher had a little stipend from the guardian.
Transportation:
Due to the bad roads the researcher find it difficult to access the
respondents.
Bureaucracy:
This is one of the impediments of this research when the researcher visited the
enterprise under study to make certain investigations; the authorities involved
never gave him a free hand to make such investigations.
Finally, it
is worthy to note that in spite of all these limitations, the researcher was
able to cover meaningful the scope of the study.
1.7 Significance of the Study
It is
worthwhile to lay great emphasis on the significance of this study target
groups and potential recipients showing how it will add knowledge, contribute
to knowledge or aid practice. Hence, this study will be indispensable to many.
To the entire Nigerian populace, this study will broadly enlighten them on the
concept of entrepreneurship and how small industries development brings about
unemployment reduction in Nigeria scale.
Also, the
Nigerian government is not left out. This promising research piece will clearly
show the public authorities and government officials how to effectively develop
small scale industries as they have been identified as engine of economic
growth and development hereby providing employment for the teeming unemployed
youth. The study will help the policy makers to recognize the importance of
small scale industries in the provision of employment to the labour force for
economic development. This shall further guide them to make trade policies to
enhance the performance of small scale industries as regards their activities
to accommodate mushrooming population that is attributed to high birth and
fertility rates as well as rural urban migration within the country.
Also, to
students and other scholars where intend to widen their knowledge in the study
of the small scale industries development as a panacea for unemployment
reduction, this study shall be a basis of reference since it focuses on the
cause of the establishments, how the unique characteristics of the industries
have facilitated their role in the provision of employment undertaken to
harness their activities and how their activities contributes to economic
growth and development.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Unemployment:
Unemployment refers to a situation where people who are willing and capable of
working are unable to find suitable paid employment.
Entrepreneurship:
This is the willingness and ability of an individual to identify and
successfully carry out investment opportunities in and environment.
Development:
This means new stage or event, new product or invention. It is when a country
is able to provide initially.
Economic
Growth: This is a term that is generally refers to the sustained, concerted
efforts of policy makers and living and economic health of a specific area or
is a phenomenon of marked productivity and increase in gross domestic product
(GDP).
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