ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR
CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK
YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE
PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL
INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
ASSESSMENT
OF WATER QUALITY OF SOME PRIVATE BOREHOLES IN HOUSING ESTATES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Water is an
important component of the earth covering about three quarters (3/4) of the
earth’s surface and occurs on land, underground and in space. Without water
life on earth would be impossible. It is often referred to as the “Liquid of
life” because it constitutes up to ninety percent (90%) of the cell and serves
as medium for the dissolution and transportation of body nutrients and other
essential molecules. Without its availability for human use (through drinking)
within a maximum of fourteen days, the body becomes dehydrated and life is
endangered. In addition, about two thirds (2/3) of our body is made up of
water, about 45 litres in the average adult. The brain is 5 percent water, the
muscles 77 percent and the bones 33 percent (Akpan, 1998). According to him, we
need to drink about two liters a day to stay healthy. The human body uses water
to cleanse the blood as it passes through the kidney, bathes cells and tissues,
regulates body temperature, carries oxygen around the body, transports food to
the body organs, helps in food digestion, prevents a build-up of salts, and
helps in removing carbon dioxide and waste products. Similarly, it is essential
to terrestrial plant life and marine/aquatic flora and fauna. More so, in the
life of human communities and economic activities, water is useful for
sanitation, agriculture and fishery. In developing countries, thousands of
children under five years die every day due to drinking contaminating water
(WHO, 2004). Thus lack of safe drinking water supply, basic sanitation and
hygienic practices is associated with high morbidity and mortality from excreta
related diseases.
Water-borne
pathogens infect around 250 million people each year resulting in 10 to 20
million deaths world-wide. An estimated 80% of all illness in developing
countries is related to water and sanitation and 15% of all child deaths under
the age of five years in developing countries result from diarrhea diseases
(WHO, 2004; Thompson and Khan,2000).
According to
Ayeni (2014), no fewer than seven million people across the world die of
waterborne diseases each year. Polluted water killed at least a child every 10
seconds and identified lack of potable water and poor hygiene as major causes
of the high rate in child mortality in the world according to him. That, over
2.4 billion people across the world were without sanitation facilities, saying
this had also contributed to the untimely death in most countries of the world
including Nigeria. Also reported by Punch News Thursday, 2nd October, 2014,
that more than 80 Nigerian refugees, fleeing from the Boko Haram insurgency are
known to have died from cholera in refugee camps in Cameroon due to lack of
adequate water supply and sanitation problems.
The lack of
safe drinking water and adequate sanitation measures could also lead to a
number of diseases such as dysentery, salmonellosis, shigellosis and typhoid,
and every year millions of lives are claimed in developing countries. The
evaluation of potable water supplies for coliform bacteria is important in
determining the quality level of drinking water. High levels of coliform counts
indicate a contaminated source, inadequate treatment or post-treatment
deficiencies (Mathew; Lechevallier; Cameron and Fetens, 1984). Many developing
countries suffer from either chronic shortages of freshwater or the readily
accessible water resources are heavily polluted (Lehloesa and Muyima, 2000).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate
amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1)
Your project topics
(2)
Email Address
(3)
Payment Name
(4)
Teller Number
We
will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 0046579864
Bank:
GTBank.
OR
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 3139283609
Bank:
FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
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