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THE
BUREAUCRATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Since the
evolution of Local Government in Nigerian in the early fifties, series of
reforms have taken place to modernize the system. However, the 1976 reform
among others can be said to be the most radical step taken in entrenching a
multi-purpose unified and autonomous local government system in Nigeria. It can
be aptly described as the inception of modern local government administration
in Nigeria which aimed at not only serving as machinery for even and
accelerated development and democratic process at the grass-roots but also
provides the National Political System. Meanwhile, for better understanding of
this system, the surrounding conditions, influences and forces that shape and
modify them have to be identified and ranked in such a manner that the
reciprocal impact of these institutions on their environment is employed.
Furthermore results suggest that this project is aimed at educating and finding
out the impact of environmental and bureaucratic influence on the local
government administration in Nigeria.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1.
Background of the study
1.2.
Statement of the problem
1.3.
Objectives of the study
1.4.
Research Questions
1.5.
Significance of the study
1.6. Scope
of the Study
1.7.
Limitations of the study
1.8.
Definition of Major Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1.
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2.
Theoretical Frame work
2.3.
Historical analysis of Nkanu West Local Government
Area
2.4.
Organization and management of Nkanu West Local
Government
Area
CHAPTER 3
3.0.
RESSARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Sources
of Data
3.2.
Population of the study
3.3.
Determination of Sample Size
3.4.
Sampling Technique
3.5. Method
of Data Collection
3.6
Validation of Data Instrument
3.7
Reliability of the Instrument
3.8 Method
of Data Presentation and Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0. DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1.
Presentation of Data
4.2.
Analysis of data/Testing of Hypothesis
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1. Summary
of Findings
5.2.
Conclusion
5.3.
Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
evolution of local Government in Nigeria predates colonialism. The system
passed several phases VIZ pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial. During the
period of pre-colonial, the government of what is known as Nigeria was local
tradition rather than central and was mannered by traditional authorities such
as Emirs, Sultan, Obar, Onis, Alafms, Obas Warrant chiefs and Ezes. There was
therefore locally centralized machinery of government. The north had power
concentrated in the hands of the “Emir”. In the East, there was a republic
form. Government was highly decentralized and based on family heads or clan or
“Umunna” or council of elders (Ndi Ichie) while in the West there was a kind of
constitutional monarchy with the “obas” as the hem of affairs. In every park of
Nigeria there exists machinery than run the affairs of Nigerians in their own
district localities.
However the
period of colonial was the British indirect rule system when the British got
mandate to administer the dasin of River Nigeria. Sir Frederick Lugard took the
title of high commissioner of the title of Northern Nigeria in 1906 where
indirect rule was first introduced. The indirect rule system was not applied
throughout Nigeria until 1916 when the native authority ordinance No14 was passed
this era was described as golden age of British colonial Admmistration and
traditional rulers between 1917 and 1949.
Post-colonial
was when the second world war ended, there was a tremendous surge of
nationalist interest who were educated and anxious to participate in the
running of their own after and to put into practice modern democratic ideas
they acquired while studying abroad. In the forefront was Herbert Macaulay, Dr.
Nnamdi Azikiwe and others.
In 1947, a
secretary of state for colonies (Arthur Jones) issues a famous dispatch of all
African territories calling for rapid development and efficient democratic
system of local government. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and Obafemi Awolowo who was the
premier became the master of local government in their areas. Between 1950 and
1955, local government became a three tier system.
However,
1976 there was local government reforms after coup detat in January 1966. There
was a big change in transformation/introduction of modern local government
system. The reform was aimed at finding solutions to the short comings of
previous reform effects, the main is to entrust political responsibilities to
where it is most crucial and beneficial to the people. Having traced the origin
of local government in Nigeria , it is the contention of this project research
the local government administration should like any other system have an
environment which it operates and which influence the system overtly. Like
living organizes, the local government administration and indeed other bureaucracies
and conditioned by their environments and the conditioning is naturally mutual
as Heady states. “Bureaucracies institution as well other political and
administrative institutions can be better understood if the surrounding
condition influences and forces that shape and modified them are identified and
ranked to the exert possible in order of relative importance and if the
reciprocal impact of these institutions on their environment also explored” The
environmental and bureaucratic influences that impinge upon the exert influence
on local government administration in Nigeria and historical, political, social
economic and bureaucratic environments such as government regulations, edicts,
laws, decrees and other attendant protocol that characterized public
bureaucracy.
It is based
on the above bureaucratic variables that this work is developed to the
exposition of the critical influence of these environment in Nigeria Local
Government system and to find out how far reaching these variables have helped
or otherwise the growth, development and stability of over growing third tier
of government in Nigeria.
1.2.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Since the
inception of and consequent upon the introduction of modern government reform
of modern government reform of 1976, the system has witnessed series of reform.
The environment and bureaucratic infrastructures such as road, networks,
electricity and water supply, laws and decrees etc, which associated with
public administration. These environmental infrastructures which in most cases
are lacking in most of our local government area in no small measures are the
retardation of local government administration in Nigeria.
Also some
bureaucratic influence such as delays or the religious way which the local
government administrative system are subjected impact negatively on the quick
dispensation of services required of local government administrative in
Nigeria.
This study,
therefore, should address such environmental and bureaucratic influences
aforementioned using the Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State as a
case study.
1.3.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
A. To know
if the environmental and bureaucratic influence is beneficial or detrimental to
local government in Nigeria.
B. To make
appropriate services development activities of the people at the grassroots.
C. To
promote a safe and healthy environment and
councilors
and bureaucracy but also the community as well.
D. To
provide a two-way of communication between local communities and government
(both state and federal) organization chart for Nkanu West Local Government
Council.
E. To
facilitate the exercise of democratic self governance close to the local level
of our society and to encourage initiative and leadership potentials.
1.4.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i. Is there
any Bureaucratic and environmental influence on local government administration
in Nigeria?
ii. To what
extent do the bureaucratic and environmental factors affect the local
government administration?
1.5.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This work is
of immense benefit to local government.
Administrators
and local government generally and Nkanu West Local Government in particular.
It will also benefit other practitioners in the field of administration
especially in their relationship with their immediate environment.
1.6. SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This
Research work is restricted to the basic factor that influence local government
administration in Nigeria which manifest themselves in form of environmental
and bureaucratic influence on local government system in Nigeria using Nkanu
West Local Government Area of Enugu State as a case study.
1.8.
DEFINITION OF MAJOR TERMS
Autonomy:
Self reliance the condition of self government
especially
of a state or group within a country.
Bureaucratic:
A system of Government by the
departments
which are managed by state officials not by elected representatives.
Centralized:
Making something come under the control of
one central
authority or power rested on a particular institution.
Colonialism:
Policy of acquiring colonies and keeping then
dependent.
Decentralized:
Transfer of power from the central
government
to other small government i.e. state and local.
Evolution:
Process of gradual change and development.
Indirect
rule: British method of administration using chiefs and traditional
institutions.
Reform: An
official change in the way something is done or organized
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