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IMPACT OF
INTER GOVERNEMENTAL RELATIONS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The concept
of Intergovernmental relations is associated with states having a Federal
Administration system where the relationships between the Federal, Central or
National Governmental and major sub-national unit (province, region or state)
formally spect out in constitution. Intergovernmental relations have been seen
as a system of transactions among structured levels of government in a state.
It is also seen as registration in which the parties are negotiating
advantageous positions for power, money and problems-solving responsibility
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY
The concept
of Intergovernmental relations is associated with states having a Federal
Administration system where the relationships between the Federal, Central or
National Governmental and major sub-national unit (province, region or state)
formally spect out in constitution. Intergovernmental relations have been seen
as a system of transactions among structured levels of government in a state.
It is also seen as registration in which the parties are negotiating
advantageous positions for power, money and problems-solving responsibility
(Olugbemi: 1980).
The goals of
intergovernmental relations are said to be to promote peace and harmony among
the three tiers of government, which are the Federal, State and Local
Government. To accelerate the achievement of self-reliant economy. In so doing,
inter-governmental relations will help to minimize inter-jurisdictional
conflicts among the various levels of government. Also to boost greater natural
economic integration through the activities of the three levels of government.
Again to enhance the emergence of co-operative rather than competitive
Federation there is also need to enhance effective and efficient utilization of
available human and material resources among the three levels of government. To
help solve the problem of rural and urban poverty. To achieve a situation where
there is special need for integrating programmers on a nation wide scale. To
look into the situation where states, local government or unit of the federal
set up have responsibilities with no resources base to perform them (John
Nwafor: Unpublished work).
The
achievement of the objectives of inter-governmental relations is dependent on
some social factors within the Nigerian social System. Some social factors
include the political setting and the state of the economy in the nation.
Looking at the political setting, the inter-governmental relations is basically
based on the three tiers of government that is the Federal, State and Local
Government. But come to look at that, the Federal and State Government is said
to have more autonomy than the local government due to the fact that they are
the last tier of government (John Nwafor: Unpublished work). That is why local
government is not given its full autonomy to do things on its own. The other
tiers of the government still tell them what to do, how to make their own
policies, how to elect/appoint those to rule them like the Chancellor or
Chairmen and so on. Local Government is still dependent on the other tiers of
government making them too subordinate and loyal for my liking (Nwokedi, Ralph:
2002).
To this,
there should be greater independence of the state and local governments in the
Federal Government for their survival and performance of fundamental
responsibilities. There should also be several reforms which should let to the
recognition of the local government as the third tier of government with
relative autonomy and jurisdictional powers as provided for in the
constitutions.
Another
problem is the state of the nation’s economy. The nation’s economy really
influenced the nature and scope of intergovernmental relations in the local
government in Nigeria. The wealth of any nation is a key factor in determining
its pattern of material relation. Between 1960 and 1970, the basis of fiscal
relations between the Federal, State and Local Government were richer and more
powerful than the local government. But these problem will come to an end if
the local government has greater control of the tax revenue. The local
government should control 50% of the tax revenue allocation of its area without
the Federal or State government interference. They should also receive grants
and aids from outside and within the country, making them powerful and
independent of their own. Their federation Allocation Account should be granted
to them annually or monthly as the case may be. They should be allowed to run
their affairs especially when it comes to monetary matters. (F Okoli and Onah
O, 2002).
In so doing,
channel of communication should be at its high level between the Federal, State
and Local Government in order to produce an effective result. This is because
without one another there would not be effectiveness due to the fact that an
inter-governmental relation is relationship between the three tiers of
government.
1.2 STATE OF
THE PROBLEM
To
appreciate the depth of crisis in the Federal system in Nigeria, one has to
follow the recent trend of the raging controversy between the Federal and State
Governments over the exercise of power or control of revenue resources of local
government on how not to have assumed the undue Prominence given to it as a
constitutional question if Nigerian Leaders, particularly the Federal level had
adhered strictly to the norms of federalism and followed the precedents
established by the past democratic governments in Nigerian federation.
In Nigeria,
the issue of sharing resources among the three levels of government has
remained controversial due to lack of acceptable formular. It generates tension
and bad blood among the three tiers of government. This has resulted in setting
up of different committees or commissions to prescribe the formular to be used.
Also there exists a conflict between the Federal, State and Local government
over acceptable formular for sharing revenue. For instance, the conflict is
usually whether the principle of derivation, need, natural interest or landmass
should be used as a basis for the purpose. Even when these principles may be
generally accepted as the main basis for working out revenue allocation
formular, conflict might arise following as to which of the principles takes
precedence over others as the main criteria for sharing the revenue.
This is the
problem of tax jurisdiction, which refers to the problem of which aspect of
government should collect what revenue over a particular area. These have been
serious problems between the Federal, State and Local Governments. Their share
of tax revenue seriously affects local governments. They are the lowest level
of government. Likewise they collect the least amount of tax revenue, which
makes them still stagnant.
Another
problem is the existence of control of one level of government by another in
any aspect (Abonyi, 2005). Local government is domination by the Federal and
State governments. They do not have their own autonomy making them too
dependent on the other levels of governments. Mention must be made of the
problem of finding the best method of channeling revenue from one level of
government to another especially from the Federal to the Local Government.
(Ugwu, 1998:90).
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study is Impact of Inter-governmental Relations on Local
Government Administration in Nigeria, with particular reference to Nkanu East
Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Other
objectives of the Study include
(i) To
determine the relevance of inter-governmental relations in Nigeria
(ii) To
determine the main sources of conflict among the various levels of government
in inter-governmental relations in Nigeria.
(iii) To
recommend solutions to inter-jurisdictional conflict among the various levels
of government.
(iv) To
recommend measures required for an improved inter-governmental relations in
Nigeria.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
will be of great benefit to Nkanu East Local Government of Enugu State. This is
because it will be exposed to the challenges it is facing in inter-government
relations.
It would
also be of great significance to researchers by way of making them aware of
problems that have been uncovered by these researchers, so that they would know
where to start from in their subsequent research work in the area of
inter-governmental relations in Nigeria.
It would
also be useful to university students like students of Caritas University when
doing a likely research. The study would be significant to policy makers and
policy implementers, as they would make use of the findings and recommendations
of this study.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
(1) Did the
constitution make any provision for intergovernmental relations in Nigeria?
(2) What are
the areas of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria?
(3) What is
the relevance of intergovernmental relations in local government in Nigeria?
(4) What are
the causes of conflicts between the levels of government in Nigeria?
(5) What
effects has intergovernmental relations had in Local Government Administration?
1.6 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The study is
in the Impact of Intergovernmental Relations in Local Government Administration
in Nigeria. But due to the fact that there are many local governments in
Nigeria, the researcher decided to center the research in Nkanu East Local
Government using it as the case study
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