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TEAMWORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Teamwork is as old as
mankind, and as such many organizations use the term ‘team’ in either one sense
or the other i.e such as in the production, marketing processes, etc. Examples
are management team, production team or an entire organization can be referred
as a team.
Cook (1998) claimed that
there is a growing consensus among scholars in the world that organizations may
be getting works done through individuals, but his super achievement lies in
the attainment of set goals through teams (teamwork). It is a well known fact
that teamwork is not only the foundation of all successful managements, but the
means of improving overall results in organizational productivity.
Wage (1997) described
Teamwork as an idea of working together in a group to achieve the same goals
and objectives for the good of the service users and organizations in order to
deliver a good quality of service (productivity). Ruth (2007) claimed that
employees teamwork is seen as constituting a larger group of people than what
job position describes, the essence of teamwork is that workload is reduced and
broken into pieces of work for everyone to take part. Alan (2003) defined
teamwork as a grouping of professionals whose members work intensely on a
specific, common goal using their positive synergy, individual and mutual
accountability, and complementary skills. Employees take baby steps toward
accomplishing key action items and nothing important is finished. Team work is
the ability to work together towards a common vision. It is a fuel that allows
common people to attain uncommon results. Collective action is widely
recognized as a positive force for teamwork in any organization or institution
to succeed. Teams enable individuals to empower themselves and to increase
benefits from cooperative work engaged on as a group. Getting together with
others also can allow individuals to better understand the importance of
teamwork and how the organizations operate as well as promote the culture of teamwork
success.
Davis (2007) claimed that
employers always stress the need for employing those (Employees) that can be
able to work with a team. And they (Employers) generally talk of teamwork when
they want to emphasize the need to various talents possessed by different
employees. The organizations however, coordinate the employees into different
teams, such as management team, production team, etc. This is purposely to tap
from the abilities of respective human resources employed by an organization.
Organization according
Caroline (2008) is a social entity that is goal directed, deliberately
structured activity systems with a preamble boundary.
Alan (2008) claimed that
productivity is the rate at which an employer, company or country produces
goods, and the amount, produced, compared with how much time, work and money is
needed to produce them.
This therefore, shows
that, this study will concentrate specifically on the use of the term
‘teamwork’ which involves reshaping the way work is carried out. This includes
organizing employees into teams based on a distinct product, each team
performing a particular task. These teams are given a high degree of
responsibility and are expected to work with flexibility.
The researcher is
interested on this topic in order to understand or know how much organizing
employees into teams (Teamwork) has contributed to the improved productivity of
Power Holding Company (PHCN Plc, Enugu
Electricity Distribution Company, Zonal Office), New Nigeria National Board for
Technical Education (NBTE) Enugu, Coca-Cola Bottling Company, Enugu and the
Nigerian Breweries Plc,Enugu, and how it will positively contribute to the
organizations.
Statement of the Problem
Every organization, either
large or small, struggles to acquire productivity so as to achieve success and
maintain a valuable image in this present world of organizational competitions.
And it is the wish of organizations to see the input they use (resources) and
the output (goods and services produced) they have at the end.
The population of workers
in an organization may be very large and yet that organization achieving a very
low productivity and with no improvement in their products. Could this occur as
a result of absence of teamwork in such organizations. And if it is, then,
there are other organizations that have teams and yet achieve little or no
productivity at all. It may be as a result of the following problems:
1.
Lack of Teamwork in the
Organization: That is the failure of an organization to coordinate works into work groups
in order to tap from the respective human resources the organization possesses.
2.
Poor Leadership Styles in
the Organization: It may be as a result of the leadership style of the
organization possibly not favorable to teamwork.
3.
Poor Leadership of the Work
Teams:
Different work teams may exist, but lacking the persons with the team leading
acumen to lead them.
4.
Lack of Motivation of the
Workforce:
The way in which organizations reward their workforce may also lead to low
organizational productivity even when their staff work in teams.
5.
Prevailing Conditions that
hinder growth in an Organization: The conditions permanently occurring in an
organization (lack of picking-up of innovative ideas) like the absence of
designing motivational programs, educational growth, bonuses, job rotation and
the use of old technologies, etc, may be
the cause of low organizational productivity.
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of
this study is to investigate the contributions of teamwork on organizational
productivity. The specific objectives of this study are as listed below:
1)
To find out the effect of teamwork on organizational productivity.
2)
To investigate the ways leadership styles used by the
organizations affect organizational productivity.
3)
To find out the effect of poor leadership on work teams
leadership.
4)
To investigate the benefits of motivation to the workforce.
5)
To find out the prevailing conditions that hinder growth to
organizational productivity.
Research Questions
For the purpose of this
research, the following research questions were formulated to guide this study:
1)
In what ways does teamwork affect on organizational
productivity?
2)
In what ways does leadership style of an organization affect
teamwork?
3)
In what ways does team’s poor leadership style affect their
output?
4)
What are the benefits of motivation on organizational
productivity?
5)
What are the prevailing conditions that hinder the growth of
organizational productivity?
Significance of the Study
It is very
much important to maintain the healthy advantages of productivity as a result
of its importance to organizations. And teamwork is the best tool which can be
used in helping us to achieve it (organizational productivity). Looking at the
important role that teamwork can play, to enable organizations achieve this,
this study will be very significant to organizations, employers and employees,
students, managers and future researchers.
1)
Organizations: Organizations can take the
provided information in this study to use it for saving them from their
competitive advantage and improving their productivity and the important role
teamwork can play in helping organizations to achieve productivity.
2)
Employers and Employees: They can use it to
develop and establish firm ideas that will bring about further development in
the way and manner employers and employees can achieve the needed goals and
objectives.
3)
Managers: Practicing managers can
make adjustments in their roles and leadership towards the attainment of the
organizational productivity by introducing teamwork in organizations.
4)
Students: This will serve as a
guide and reference material to students who intend to carry out a research,
read or write more on this topic.
5)
Future Researchers: Those who will make or
carry out a research in future will find it useful in meeting their goals.
Delimitation of the Study
This study will be limited
to Power Holding Company of Nigeria Plc (PHCN Enugu Electricity Distribution
Company, Zonal Office), National Board for Technical Education Enugu, Coca-Cola
Bottling Company, Enugu and the Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu. Through the above
mentioned organizations, the study will look at lack of teamwork in an
organization, leadership style in an organization, poor leadership of the
teams, lack of motivation of the workforce, and prevailing conditions in
organizations.
Limitations
Definition of Terms
Team: A number of people
organized to work cooperatively as a group.
Teamwork: A cooperative effort by a
group or team.
Productivity: The ability to be
productive by either organizations or individuals.
Leadership: The ability to guide,
direct or influence people.
Motivation: The cognitive or social or
social forces that activate and direct behavior.
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