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SOLVING
UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The small
scale industries (SSIs) form the bedrock of the economic growth in every
nation. No country achieves a viable economic growth and development without
the establishment of small scale business firms. They have always been in the
forefront of development strategies. Nigeria’s quest for development must be
hinged on industrialisation. This is because of the great role industries play
in terms of production activities, employment generation and the overall
improvement in the quality of life.
Small scale
industries are seen as veritable instruments for the industrial development of
a nation. Industrial development involves the development of a technical
arrangement that moves an economy from traditional method of production to a
more complex system of mass manufacture of variety of goods and services
involving technology and management techniques (Anyanwu, C. M. 2001).
Industrialisation
propels growth and quickens the achievement of structural transformation and
diversification of economies. It enables a country to utilize fully its factor
endowments and depend less on the external sector for its, growth and
sustenance.
Beyene
(2002), avers that SSIs have been important economic catalysts in the
industrialized countries. The industry provides employment and earning
opportunities, which contribute to economic growth and increase in the standard
of living of the populace. Davis et al (1996) views small scale industries as
the engine of development strategies in the promotion of economic growth and development.
The Nigerian industrial promotion council, NIPC, confirms this by stating that
“the Advent of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria was necessitated
by the need to stimulate the establishment and growth of industries in order to
launch the country’s industrial development. Small scale industries perform
vital roles in economic development of any nation. They are the bedrock upon
which industrial development could be achieved. This is because SSIs promote
stable industrial base and ensure a balanced distribution of industrial
development of any nation.
Anyanwu
(2001) sees the failure of part industrial policies, which were anchored on the
establishment of large industries, the flexibility, adaptability and
regenerative tendencies as SSIs to propel economic development and the fact
that growing and dynamic small businesses elsewhere have grown into large ones
and have contributed substantially to national development objectives as the
reasons for adopting small scale industries as a strategy for industrial
development. Great Britain and Japan, owe their early industrial and economic
expansion to their broad based small business establishment (Ojo A T, 2006).
The
establishment of large industries involves heavy outlays and is essentially capital
intensive, which does very little in solving unemployment problems. It also
requires that manufacturing industries be designed and set up by foreign
producers who also supply most of the raw materials and machinery spare parts
needed for an uninterrupted production of industrial output. Consequently,
foreign exchange requirements by local producers become critical and the
inability to produce such foreign exchange can lead to \severe disruption in
the production activities. Thus, it behooves developing countries to devote
vigorous energy to the development of local manufacturing industries. To obtain
economic self reliance and sufficiency, Nigeria needs to pursue small scale
industries as a strategy for growth and development. Given the paramount role of
SSIs to the growth and development of the country, it becomes imperative to
assess their contribution to the development of Imo State, the “Eastern heart
land”.
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
The problem
of unemployment in Nigeria has become a dilapidating and problematic issue in
Nigeria. The problem does not only affect the life of the people but facilitate
the downfall of the economy. The problem of this study also involves the
shortcoming and inability of the government to create employment through the generation
and supporting of small-scale industries. These problems have justified the
fact that the small scale industries sub sector is now characterized by low
productivity and high rate of business failure. The sector bears most of the
brunt of the existing gap in the Nigeria management system. Despite the vital
role of small scale industries play in economic development, their impact is
not adequately assessed. An adequate assessment of their contribution to the
economy would be a yardstick to ease their procurement of finance.
This project
seeks to determine the contribution of small scale industries to employment
creation in Imo State specifically and, by extension, to Nigeria. It also
determines how small scale industries have enhanced the revenue base of the
state through the income generated from taxes paid by them and assesses the
extent to which SSIs) have contributed to the development of the state.
OBJECTIVE OF
THE STUDY
The main
objective of this study is to assess the contribution of small scale industries
to the development of Imo State. Within this framework, the study seeks
specifically to determine the extent to which small scale industries have
provided job opportunities on state to identify the various ways small scale
industries generated needed development in the state and to uncover the
fundamental problems that confront small scale industries in their effort to
develop the state.
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
Using small
scale industries to solve the problem of unemployment in Imo State was the
jurisdiction of this study with a major focus on Aboh Mbaise local government
of Imo State. Other areas of focus by the study are critical examination of the
role of small scale industries on national economic development of Nigeria.
Problems of small scale industries in Imo state, history of small scale
industries in Imo State among others.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
Owing to the
problems that unemployment has caused to the life of the people and the nation,
this study will be of great importance, in the sense that it:
Enlighten
the masses to harness their creative nature by establishing small scale
industries in order to get themselves employed.
Will be an
eye opener to the government to recognize their failures in contributing their
own quota in the aspect of improving and encouraging small – scale industries
within the nation.
Will unveil
the effect of unemployment to the Nigeria economic, pinpointing the fact that
the issue of unemployment in Nigeria have coursed more harm than good.
it also
provide possible solution to the problem of unemployment and the creation of
small
It will act
as a reference work for future researchers who in one way or the other will be
propelled to investigate into the concept of small scale industries and its
relation to employment generation.
RESEARCH
QUESTION
In the
course of the research, the following research questions were answered, thus;
Can small
scale industries solve the problem of unemployment in Imo State?
Should the
Nigerian populace especially the youth be encouraged to develop and sustain
entrepreneurial spirit?
Can small
scale industries contribute to economic development of Nigeria?
Does a
relationship exist between unemployment problem and economic growth and
development?
Can small
scale industry reduce the risk of unemployment?
Has the
employment provision resulting from the establishment of small scale actually
affect the standard of living of the people?
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS.
A hypothesis
is a proposition that is stated in testable form and prediction of particular
relationship between two or more variables. In the course of this research
effort, the hypotheses stated below were tested. Thus
Hypothesis I
H0: There is no significant relationship
between small-scale industries and the resolution of unemployment problem in
Imo State
H1: There is significant relationship between
small-scale industries and the resolution of unemployment problem in Imo State
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
There were a
lot of constraints in the gathering of information for this research work: the
major constraints are as follows:
Time:
In respect
to the theoretical and practical work, the time allowed for this project was
limited
Finance:
Due to
problem of financing, and high transport rate, I could not meet up with all the
intended interviews and research ventures as I intended to.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Small –Scale
Industry: Richard Flora Gustafson, demand media (2012) defined small-scale
business or industry as a business that employs a small number of workers and
does not have a high volume of sales. In pre-colonial Nigeria, according to
Ejiofor P. it is a relative turn, because what is regarded as small scale
industry by a person means large scale business to another.
Unemployment:
this is defined by Bureau of Labour statistics (BLS) as people who do not have
a job, have actively looked for work in the past four weeks, and are currently
available for work. Also people who were temporarily laid off and waiting to be
called back to that job are included in the unemployment.
Industrialisation:
This is the social and economic change that transforms a human group from an
agrarian society into an industrial one
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