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MALARIA CONTROL AND
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Malaria is one
of the most serious health problems facing the world today. The World Health
Organization estimates that over 300 million new cases of malaria arise a year,
with approximately two to three million deaths resulting from contraction.
Malaria is endemic in tropical Africa, with an estimated 90% of the total
malaria incidence and deaths occurring there, particularly amongst pregnant
women and children. More specifically, malaria is causing various problems in
Nigeria. Malaria is the only vector borne disease to be placed on World Health
Organization’s Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYS ) list. It is important to
look at health problems like malaria that grossly affect the morbidity and
mortality rates, as well as the economy of a developing country, such as
Nigeria. Nigeria has a population of about 123.9 million people [1]. A large
percentage of its population lives in extreme poverty in rural areas, without
access to potable water and adequate healthcare. Nigeria is also a low-income
country already saddled with a huge foreign debt burden. It risks sinking
further into debt as it struggles with a sick populace whose good health is
essential for its economic growth. Traditionally, Chloroquine was a common
treatment for Malaria. However, with the increase in chloroquine resistant
malaria, additional methods of control must be employed. A multidimensional
approach should be used in the control strategy, such as good management of
clinical malaria, the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITBN), education and
training programs in malaria prevention, vaccine research and the use of
insecticide spraying such as DDT on breeding sites. It is also necessary to
explore the use of indigenous natural mosquito repellant plant species.
Pharmaceutical companies should study local anti-malarial herbs to determine
their efficacy on malaria and effective and safe dosages should be found. The
answer to malaria control may lie within local communities. Policies pertaining
to the use of impregnated (soaked in insecticide) bed nets would be doubly
advantageous and economical in rural areas. Culturally, the two most
susceptible groups of people, pregnant mothers and infant children, tend to
sleep together. Walls of mud huts in rural areas should be white washed to
avoid attracting mosquitoes. Cracks and crevices where stagnant water can
collect should be sealed. Partial funding for malaria control projects could be
generated internally if the Nigerian government collected a levy from companies
that are involved in activities that pollute the environment. Oil companies
working in the Niger Delta areas, where there are many marshy swamps and a high
prevalence of malaria, should also be asked to contribute to a general malaria
control fund.
1.2 Statement of the problem
This work
gives an empirical and detailed explanation into the topic on malaria parasite
and its effect to human health
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. To understand
the impact of malaria parasite to human health
2. To
understand the relationship between malaria parasite and the human health
1.4 Research questions
1. What is the
impact of malaria parasite to human health
2. What is the
relationship between malaria parasite and the human health
1.5 Research hypothesis
H0: There is a
weak relationship between malaria parasite and the human health
H1: There is a
strong relationship between malaria parasite and the human health
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