ATTENTION
BEFORE
YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ
THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU
CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N10,000
ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE
BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP
US ON 08137701720
FACTORS AFFECTING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING PRACTICE AMONG
NURSING MOTHERS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
Breastfeeding is unequaled way of providing ideal food for
the health, growth and development of infants and most natural way of feeding
them in all traditions. It is an integral part of the reproductive process with
important implications for the health of the mother. Human milk is the most
appropriate of all available types of milk, that is uniquely adapted for infant
nutrition as it components consistently adopt to the child’s need and
environmental challenges. Breast milk contains virtually all the nutrients
antibodies and anti-oxidants an infant needs to thrive for the first six months
of life (Abasiattai, Umana, Nyong and Eyo, 2014).
The benefits of breast feeding for mothers and infants have
been widely recognized and researched studies have shown that breastfeeding is
superior to infant formula feeding because of its protective properties against
illness, in addition to its nutritional advantages (Sadoh, Oniyelu, 2011).
Considering the extensive benefits of breastfeeding, the world Health
organization and the American Dietetic Association recommended exclusive breast
feeding of infants for the first six months and continued breastfeeding with
complementary foods up to twelve (12) months of age (ADA Report, 2001). Despite
widespread efforts to encourage breastfeeding, the rates in the United States
(U.S) have remained low (Pugh, 2002).
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) refers to the exclusive intake
of breast milk or expressed breast milk by an infant without the addition of
any other liquid or solids, with the exception of oral drops or syrups
containing vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines. Exclusive breastfeeding
advocated the world over as the optimal mode of feeding for young infants in
the first months of life, followed by breast milk and complimentary feeds
thereafter till two years of age or beyond. When the infants are exclusively
breastfed for the first six months of life, their immune system is stimulated
and this goes hand in hand with protecting them from disease like diarrhea and
acute respiratory infections, which are considered to be two of the major
causes of infant mortality in developing world. When breastfeeding is practiced
exclusively, it is associated with a lower risk of HIV transmission than mixed
feeding.
Other advantages of exclusive breastfeeding include reduction
in post partum bleeding, improvement in home status later in life and
protection against breast and ovarian cancers. Other benefits include
lactational amenorrhea which enhances child spacing, early mother-infant
bonding and reduction in infant abandonment and child abuse. EBF also provides
social and economic benefits to the family and the nation as well as a sense of
satisfaction to most nursing-mothers (Madhu, Chowdary and Masti, 2009).
Breastfeeding is accepted as the natural form of infant
feeding. For mothers to be able to breastfeed exclusively to the recommended
six months, it is important to understand the factors that affect exclusive
breastfeeding, studies of non pregnant high school students suggest that
attitudes toward infant feeding begin to form well before pregnancy. Previous
research has shown that maternal attitudes toward breastfeeding and perceptions
of infant health benefits of breastfeeding influence the decision of
breastfeed. Man demographic factors such as maternal age, marital status,
education, race, nature of work, cultural factors, parity number of children at
home and social support, urban versus rural residence and employment policies
have been shown to potentially affect a nursing-mother’s decision (Dubois,
Girard, 2003).
Among all of these factors, mother’s education had greater
impact on nutritional status of children. However, it does not mean that
mothers with high education level had healthy children only. Many studies
outside the south-south region and very few within the region have been carried
out to ascertain most factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding practices
among nursing mothers. For instance, Tan (2011) researched on factors
associated with exclusive breastfeeding among infant under six months of age in
Peninsular Malaysia, he found that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding
among mothers with infant aged between one and six months was one percent
(Abasiattai et al, 2014). In the study on knowledge and practice of exclusive
breast-feeding among antenatal attendees in Uyo, southern Nigeria revealed that
the level of knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding by women in Uyo
is poor and as such none of the women belonged to a breastfeeding support group
and the most common source of information on exclusive breastfeeding was the
antenatal health talk.
Other efforts made toward the determination of factors affecting
exclusive breastfeeding practices among nursing mothers are the works of
Setegn, Belachew, Gerbaba, Deribe, Denshaw and Biadgilign (2012) on factors
associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Goba
District, discovered that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for infant
aged less than six months in the study area was 71-3 percent as measured by
last 24 hours recalled period preceding the survey date.
A critical examination of the above cited study by different
authors and researchers show that there is no consistency to ascertain to which
extent the factors mentioned above affect exclusive breastfeeding practices
among nursing-mothers and which of the factors has the prevalence effects or
influence.
The researcher in the current study is interested to
investigate the effect of educational level, nature of work and the mother’s
age on the practices of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing-mothers in Uyo
Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Poor knowledge and attitudes of nursing-mothers toward
breastfeeding has generated a lot of controversy in our modern society,
influence practices and constitute barriers to optimizing the benefits of the
Baby friendly initiative (BFI) aims to provide a supportive environment for
breast-feeding and also encourages mothers to know and practice the ten steps
to clinics (Abasiattai et al., 2014).
Despites the known benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to
nursing mothers and infants based on anecdotal and empirical evidence, which
the World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended 2 years breastfeeding.
First 6 months exclusive breastfeeding; more than 8 times breastfeeding of the
baby for day in the first 3 months of the infants life. The attitude of most
nursing-mothers of the infant’s life. The attitude of most nursing-mothers is a
reverse of this recommendation WHO/UNICEF Article February 2nd, 2014).
Studies have revealed that most nursing-mothers in the urban
area denied their babies exclusive breastfeeding up to four months from birth,
and that most of the highly socio-economic status nursing mothers have not
exclusively breastfed their babies. Moreover, it is observed that most poor
nursing-mothers especially in the rural areas over exclusively breastfed their
babies beyond six months and over two years of breastfeeding infants. The
unequal situations have posed a lot of questions to medical health scholars and
health researchers against which factors are responsible or militate against
these attitudes of nursing-mother toward exclusive breastfeeding.
However, a gamut of factors not limited to race and cultural
characteristics, infant health problems, socio-economic status and some
psychosocial factors may hamper the full realization of the baby friend
initiative and also information about the beliefs and knowledge that may
constitute barriers and in turn affect practices needed in order to optimally
utilize the benefits of the baby friendly initiative. Consequently, a number of
studies have assessed knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding in
different parts of the world, states and local governments. However, such
studies are not limited to nursing-mothers in Uyo Local Government Area.
Against the above premise the study investigated the factors
affecting exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing-mothers in Uyo local
government area of Akwa Ibom State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The overall purpose of the study was to investigate the
factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding among-nursing mothers in Uyo local
government area.
Specifically the study has the following objectives:
To investigate the effect of educational level of mothers on
exclusive breastfeeding.
To investigate the effect of the nature of work of the
mothers on exclusive breastfeeding
To investigate the effect of nursing mother’s age on
exclusive breastfeeding.
1.4 Research Questions
With regard to the problem of this study, the researcher
developed three main research questions to guide the work.
What is effect of educational level of nursing-mothers on
exclusive breastfeeding practice.
What is effect of the nature of work of the nursing-mothers
on exclusive breastfeeding practice.
What is effect of nursing-mothers’ age on exclusive
breastfeeding practice.
Research Hypothesis
The following Null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study
and were tested at .05 significant level. They are:
Ho1: There is no significant relationship in exclusive
breastfeeding practice between educated and uneducated nursing-mothers in Uyo
Local Government Area.
Ho2: There is no significant relationship between the nature
of work of nursing mothers and exclusive breastfeeding practice in Uyo Local
Government Area.
Ho3: There is no significant relationship between the
nursing-mothers age and exclusive breastfeeding practice in Uyo Local
Government Area.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The problem of exclusive breastfeeding practice is an
embraced investigation that hunts for solution and benefits for families and
individuals in our society.
The study will eradicate the perception of nursing mothers
that babies during the first six months of exclusive breastfeeding continue to
be hungry.
The study will also be useful to health personnel and medical
health officers for effective advise and counselling during ante-natal and
post-natal clinics.
The study will also help government and State Ministry of
Health to plan for orientation programmes for nursing-mothers in various
communities.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study is an investigation of factors affecting exclusive
breastfeeding practice among nursing-mothers in Uyo Local Government Area.
The study is delimited to the nursing-mothers within Uyo
metropolis.
The study investigates only the educational level, nature of
work and age factors on exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing-mothers
in Uyo Local Government Area.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
After
paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following
information to
08068231953
or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK
ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR
MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953
or 08168759420
https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
https://foreasyprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://mypostumes.blogspot.com.ng/
https://myeasymaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://eazyprojectsmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
https://easzprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
Comments
Post a Comment