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Bank Fraud And Its Effect On Bank Performance In Nigeria
Bank Fraud And Its Effect On Bank Performance In Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Fraud is an epidemic dimension that has eaten deep into the
banking sector as well as the entire economy. Itsdevastating effect manifests
itself in the deteriorating balance sheet of banks as well as in economic
backwardness. As a result, measures to eradicate fraud in banking sector become
a central focus of the government and the monetary authorities. It was against
this backdrop that this study was aimed at providing empirical evidence on the
effect of fraud on performance of banks. Data for the analyses were obtained
from primary data through questionnaires and secondary data from Nigeria
Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) Annual Report. Four hypotheses were
formulated to access the impact of looting of fund, social and environmental
factors, motivation and government effort on effect of fraud on banks
performance in Nigeria. These were tested with simple percentages and
chi-square (x2) statistical technique at 5% significance level. Results showed
that lack of adequate motivation is not a major cause of fraud in banks,
looting of fund by bank managers and directors constitutes the major form of
fraud in Nigeria, government effort and its agencies have negatively impacted
on combating fraud in Nigeria and environmental or social factors have negative
impact on bank fraud. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that
government should make their impact to be felt in combating fraud by
establishing more agencies for combating frauds. Those managers and director
involved in looting of fund should be persecuted to serve as a deterrent to
subsequently once. In addition, bank staff should be properly screened to test
their morality and integrity before recruitment. Adequate internal control system
should also be establish to have check and balances among bank staff. It is
envisaged that if all these are put in place, fraud will be reduced to its
barest minimum thereby restoring confidence to bank customers.
vii
List of Appendixes
Appendix 1: Letter to respondents
Appendix 2: Questionnaire to some staff
Appendix 3: Chi square table
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.2.4.1: Total amount involved in fraud and forgeries
Table 2.2.4.2: Ten banks with highest fraud cases
Table 2.2.4.3: Categories of banks staff involved in fraud
and forgeries
Table 4.1: Analyses of questionnaires issued to respondents
Table 4.3.1: Test of hypothesis 1 with related question
Table 4.3.2: Test of hypothesis 2 with related question
Table 4.3.3: Test of hypothesis 3 with related question
Table 4.3.4: Test of hypothesis 4 with related question
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
……………………………………………………………………....i
Title page
………………………………………………………………………..ii
Approval page ………………………………………………………………….iii
Certification …………………………………………………………………….iv
Dedication ……………………………………………………………………… v
Acknowledgements ...…………………………………………………………..vi
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………..vii
List
of appendixes …………………………………………………………iiiv
List of tables …………………………………………………………………. ix
Table of contents ……………………………………………………………… x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 : Background of the study …………………………………………...1
1.2 : Statement of the problem …………………………………………..3
1.3 : Objectives of
the study ………………………………………………...5
1.4 : Research
Questions ……...…………………………………………...5
1.5 : Research hypotheses……………………………..……………….5
1.6 : Scope of the
study …………………………………………………....6
1.7 : Significance of
the study …..…………………………………………..6
x
1.8 : Limitation of the study ………………………………………………... 7
1.9: Definition
of .terms……………………………….8
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1: Empirical study ………………………………………………….9
2.2: Theoretical framework ……………………………..…………… 12
2.2.1: Causes of bank fraud …………………….…………………… 12
2.2.2: Categories of
bank fraud …………………………………….15
2.2.3: Types of fraud ……………..………………………………….18
2.2.4: Fraud and its effect on Nigerian banks...……………………. 20
2.2.5: Government attempt to prevent bank fraud...………………...25
2.26: Ways to prevent
fraud ……………………………………….....2
2.2.7: Fraud resolution ……………..……………………………….28
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1: Research design ……………………………………………….… 29
3.2: Nature and sources………………………………….ofdata29……
3.3: Population of the study ………………………………………….29
3.4: Sample size determination ….……………………………………. 30
xi
3.5: Technique of analyses
………..….…………………….....31
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