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DISASTER
MANAGEMENT CENTRE
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT CENTRE (A CASE STUDY PORT-HARCOURT)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2
Statement Of Architectural Problems
1.3
Motivation
1.4 Aims
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Scope Of Project
1.6.1 The Site
1.6.2 The Main Building
1.6.3 The Clinic
1.6.4 The Staff Accommodation
1.7 Project Justification
1.8 Definition Of Terms
1.9 Research Methodology
CHAPTER TWO
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. History of Disaster
2.2. The
Origins of Disaster Management
2.3. History
of Disaster Management in Nigeria
2.4.
Disaster
2.4.1 Types
of Disaster
2.4.2
Implications of Disasters on Our Region and Environment --
2.5
Disaster
Management Cycle ---
2.6
Technical
Information
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
CASE STUDY
3.1 CASE
STUDY ONE
Enugu State
Fire Service Station
3.1.1 Location
3.1.2 Client
3.1.3 Architect
3.1.4 Brief History
3.1.5 Functions
3.1.6 Mode Of Operation
3.1.7 Challenges
3.1.8 Programme Element -
3.1.9 Planning Concept
3.1.10 Environmental Control
3.1.11 Services Needed
3.1.12 General Appraisal
3.1.13 Construction Materials
3.1.14 Merits
3.1.15 Demerits
3.1.16 Drawings
3.1.17 0rganisational Chart
3.2 CASE STUDY TWO
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
3.2.1
Location
3.2.2 Programme Element
3.2.3 Merits
3.2.4 Demerits
3.2.5 Challenges
3.2.6 Possible Solutions
3.2.7 Organisational Chart
3.2.8
Drawings
3.3 CASE STUDY THREE
Disaster Management Centre For Ehlanzeni
District Municipality, South Africa.
3.3.1
Location
3.3.2 Objectives
3.3.3
Program Element
3.3.4 Merits
3.3.5 Demerits
3.3.6 Drawings
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
PLANNING AND DESIGN REQUIREMENT
4.1 The Site
4.1.1
Geographical Location
4.1.2 Site Selection Criteria
4.1.2 Location Maps
4.2 Climate Of Port Harcourt, River State -
4.3 Planning Considerations
4.3.1
Access and Circulation
4.3.2 Gradient And Slope
4.3.3 Solar Radiation
4.3.4 Wind Direction
4.3.5 Noise
4.3.6 Orientation
4.3.7 Vegetation
4.4 Design Considerations
4.4.1 Technical Data
4.4.2 Spaces and Their Relationships
4.4.3
Materials for Construction
4.4.4 Aesthetics
4.4.5 Services
4.4.6 Lighting
4.4.7 Ventilation
4.4.8 Thermal Comfort
4.4.9 Fire Safety
4.5 Space Requirements
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DESIGN SYNTHESIS
5.1 Planning And Design Philosophy
5.2 Design
Concept
5.3 Concept
Derivation
5.4 Form of
the Building
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
"Disaster
management" can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain
control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for
helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster.
Disaster management deals with situations that occur prior to, during, and
after the disaster. Globally, there has been lots of disaster on land, air and
sea, though these disasters may be natural or man-made, it has however led to
the destruction of lives and properties worth billions of Naira.
In Nigeria,
there have been instance of earth tremors in Ogun state in 1994, several cases
of flood has occurred in Nigeria, in July 2012, 363 people killed, over
2,100,000 displaced, Areas affected include, Adamawa, Taraba, Plateau, and
Benue state. On 2nd July 2012, many Nigerian coastal and inland cities
experienced heavy rains, and residents of Lagos state were "gasping for
breath" due to the flooding. In addition, there was a gridlock on major
roads, causing people to cancel or postpone appointments they may have had.
Thousands of stranded commuters had to pay increased fares for the few bus
drivers who were willing to risk travelling on the roads, and construction of
work by the Nigerian government on the inner Oke-Afa Road took a "heavy
toll." In mid-July 2012, flooding in the Ibadan metropolis caused some
residents at Challenge, Oke-Ayo, and Eleyele to flee from their residences and
save their lives. The flooding also prevented some Christians from attending
churches in the morning, while a few bridges caved in. The Nigerian government
said that certain structures on waterways had to be demolished as a result of
the flooding, while Commissioner for Information and Orientation, Bosun
Oladele, announced that there weren't any casualties from the flooding.
Although, most of the disasters that Nigerians face are generally preventable,
such as aircraft crash, boat mishap, floods, landslides, fire out breaks, oil
spillage etc, can actually be prevented.
Disaster is
an event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, which impacts with such
severity that the affected community or individual has to respond by taking
exceptional measures.
Disaster
Management is the systematic observation and analysis of disasters to improve
measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response
and recovery. It is also the range of activities designed to maintain control
over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping
at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster and deals
with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the disaster.
The term
"Disaster Management" encompasses the complete realm of
disaster-related activities. Traditionally people tend to think of disaster
management only in terms of the post-disaster actions taken by relief and
reconstruction officials; yet disaster management covers a much broader scope,
and many modern disaster managers may find themselves far more involved in
pre-disaster activities than in post-disaster response. This is because many
persons who work in the development field, or who plan routine economic, urban,
regional or agricultural development projects, have disaster management
responsibilities. Disaster management also encompasses the field of emergency
assistance and long-term maintenance for refugees and displaced persons. The
refugee field of disaster management is highly specialized and requires not
only many development skills but also a broader awareness of political, legal,
and humanitarian issues.
The project
is to design a Disaster Management Centre which will serve as a centre for the
operational squad and aid for investigation, assistance and relief of people
affected with disasters. The aim of this project is to provide disaster
management knowledge and skills to enhance the understanding of good (and bad)
disaster preparedness and response and their reasons for them. This project
introduces the main principles of Disaster Management, with a focus on disaster
response in the developing world.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
THE NEED FOR A DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE
Disaster
means a progressive or sudden, widespread or localised, natural or human caused
occurrence which causes or threatens to cause; Death, injury or disease, Damage
to property, infrastructure or the environment, Disruption of the life of a
community; and is of the magnitude that exceeds the ability of those affected
by the disaster to cope with its effect using only their own resources. A
disaster management centre is needed to:
· To implement an integrated and
coordinate disaster management policy that focuses on preventing or reducing
the risk disasters, mitigating the severity of disasters, emergency
preparedness, rapid and effective response to disasters and post disaster
recovery.
· To prepare the document that will
identify risks, assess risks, risk response development and risk response
control.
· The purpose of centre is to outline
policy and procedures for both proactive disaster prevention and the re-active
disaster response and mitigation phases.
The disaster
management centre functions are as follows:
· Must specialise in issues concerning
disasters within Rivers State.
· Act as a repository and conduit for
information concerning disasters.
· Must perform it functions and exercise
powers as stipulated section 44 of the Disaster Management Act, 57 of 2002.
· Must liaise and co-ordinate its
activities with those of National, State Management centres.
1.2
STATEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS
Architecture
is an abstraction from nature and intuition with possibilities of aesthetic
accompaniments for overall ambient satisfaction (Fashuyi, 2004). Nevertheless,
this ideological perception must graft with sensitive issues bordering on
culture, economy before Architecture can become acceptable in its right values.
However, Architectural Education in Nigeria as presently structured is not
responsive to her socio-economic environment. In fact, it is more suited to
problems of urban environment of prosperous economies having nothing in common with
the cultural and economic features of the country (Adesina, 1987).
Architectural Education in Nigeria was inherited from the Beaux-Art concept of
Western educational philosophy through the colonial mentors. This tendency is
to provide aesthetically satisfying buildings, irrespective of function.
The design
of the Disaster Management Centre will take into cognisance proper functional
relationship between each section of the building to another; the site is
located at an area that can be easily accessible from various parts of the
state, helicopters are also available to ease rescue in parts of the states
that cannot be easily assessable by land, the structure is responsive to the
socio-economic environment in the state, the structure is aesthetically satisfying,
the structure conforms to the building codes and zoning.
Therefore
architectural problems of the Disaster Management Centre Are as follows:
· The integration of architectural
purpose, site, suitable spaces, technical systems and materials.
· Inadequate ventilation and natural
lightening
· Primary and secondary circulation in
and around the site.
1.3
MOTIVATION
Disaster
Management is an enormous task. Disasters are not confined to any particular
location; neither do they disappear as quickly as they appear. Therefore, it is
imperative that there is proper management to optimize efficiency of planning
and response. Due to limited resources, collaborative efforts at the
governmental, private and community levels are necessary. This level of
collaboration requires a coordinated and organized effort to mitigate against,
prepare for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and their effects in the
shortest possible time.
The
motivation of this project steams from:
· The absolute necessity for such a
project: Over the years, lives have been lost in natural and man-made disaster
primarily due to absence of a disaster management centre or slow response of
rescue team.
· The wealth of knowledge, which the
project adds to existing information on architectural building types.
· The sense of comfort and security
inspired by the project, being from the riverine area in the Niger Delta region
where the terrain is difficult and inter-city transport is mostly done by boat,
the potential for boat mishaps is rather high.
· To reduce subsequent insurance claims
and compensation on government and insurance companies.
· The passion to create an avenue that
will aid for relief to all disaster victims.
· To create awareness for the need of
disaster management.
1.4 AIMS
· To provide a facility that will
improve response to disasters for an initial period after which other sources
would assist.
· To reduce confusion on the part of all
personnel concern in disasters.
· To enhance the role of rapid
deployment of its personnel in response to emergency
· Preventing or reducing the risk of
disasters and mitigating the severity or consequences of disasters
· A rapid and effective response to
disasters and post- disaster recovery and rehabilitation.
· To ensure the survival of the maximum
possible number of victims, keeping them in the best possible health in the
circumstances.
· To re-establish self-sufficiency and
essential services as quickly as possible for all population groups, with
special attention to those whose needs are greatest: the most vulnerable and
underprivileged.
· To repair or replace damaged
infrastructure and regenerate viable economic activities. To do this in a
manner that contributes to long-term development goals and reduces
vulnerability to any future recurrence of potentially damaging hazards.
· In cases involving population
displacements (due to any type of disaster) the aim is to find durable
solutions as quickly as possible, while ensuring protection and assistance as
necessary in the meantime.
1.5 OBJECTIVES
· To create a building for imparting
training in disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, relief and
rehabilitation and also to undertake research studies, documentation and
development of database.
· Organize state and regional level
conferences/workshops in disaster management and related subjects.
· To develop and encourage NGO's
network in the state to manage disasters in the state.
· to reduce or avoid the human,
physical, and economic losses suffered by individuals, by the society, and by
the country at large
· To reduce personal suffering and to
speed recovery.
1.10
SCOPE OF PROJECT:
This project
provides, to a satisfactory level, all the facilities that are needed in the
disaster management centre for optimum performance
to manage
disaster. There are provisions for effective control, relief and rescue of disasters
by mitigating, preparedness, response and recovery.
The scope of
the project is limited to the following;
· The design of the Administrative
building
· The clinic
· A staff residential building
· Hanger for helicopter
1.10.1 THE SITE:
This project involves the design of a Centre
that aids for Disaster Management, thus, due to the amphibiotic nature of its
function, the facility would require a site that enhances the marine and land
base operation, and hence, it is located within the southern section of Port
Harcourt. It can also be accessible through various pedestrian routes emanating
from the neighbouring residential zones. This will be dutifully respected in
the cause of designing.
The site is
in close proximity to the State secretariat, the Nigerian marine base, Trans
Amadi Industrial Layout, Orobum Vimmage (now called Obunabali). Ogbunabali
bound the site on the East, the far North by Trans Amadi Industrial Layout, to
the West by the Amadi flat and old GRA Residential Quarters and the South by
Marine Base.
The exterior
element in the site include
· Parking lots
· Sign post
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