EFFECTS OF STIMULATION GAMES ON ATTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE IN MICROORGANISMS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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EFFECTS OF
STIMULATION GAMES ON ATTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE IN MICROORGANISMS AMONG SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the
“effects of Simulation game on Attitude and Performance in Biology among
Secondary School Students, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria. The target population
was all SS1 Biology students in Zaria Educational zone. Two Schools were
sampledusing the stratified random sampling techniques. Intact Classes were
used, where 153 subjects of 94 males and 59 females were sampled from the total
population of 2,005. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided
the conduct of the study. The hypotheses were tested at ≤0.05 level of
significance. A pretest and posttest quasi experimental control design was
used. The experimental group was taught microorganism using the simulation game
strategy, while the control group was exposed to lecture method. Two validated
instrumentsMicroorganisms Performance Test (MOPT) and Biology Attitude
Questionnaire (BAQ)were used for both Pretest and Post-test.The reliability of
the Instruments was calculated using Split-half method of Gutman. Based on the
analysis of the Scores obtained from the Pilot testing of the Microorganisms
Performance Test (MOPT), the reliability coefficient for the test was 0.82,
while that of Biology Attitude Questionnaire (BAQ)was0.75. The two Instruments
were used to collect data, which were analyzed using independent t-test,
Two-Way Analysis of Variance and Kruskai Wallis. The findings revealed that
(1). There was a significant difference in the mean scores of the experimental
group when taught microorganisms using simulation game strategy compared to
their counterparts in the control group when taught using lecture method. (ii)
There was a significant difference between the attitude change of the students
before and after exposure to simulation game strategy. (iii) There was no
significant difference interms of gender academic performance of male and
female students when taught using simulation game strategy and those taught
using lecture method.Among the recommendations given, was that simulation game
strategy should be encouraged for the teaching and learning of Biology at the
secondary school level. Professional associations and educational researches,
should organize seminars etc, to sensitize the need for adaptation of the
simulation game strategy at the secondary school level.
CHAPTER ONE
THE PROBLEM
1.1 Introduction
The importance of science as a requirement for
technological development cannot be over emphasized. Science is a way of
solving problems. The study of science helps us to answer the how, what, where
and why of our surroundings. According to Shaibu (2008), science is defined as
human activity that leads to the production of a body of universal statements
called laws, theories, or hypotheses which serve to explain the observable
behavior of the universe or some aspects of the universe. Science is important
in the development of a country. It is also the root of economic and technology
development. Science helps to eliminate ignorance and superstition among the
Populace. .Science and technology are conceived as the two sides of the same
coin, technology itself is the result of scientific knowledge (Ochu, 2010).
National development cannot take place without emphasis on science and
technology.
According to
Acquaye in Oboh (2012), today apart from raising man‟s standard of living,
science has enabled developed nations to improve on their desire to match the
fact of advancement made in industrialized countries in all facets of
development. These include health, agriculture, Shelter, communication,
transportation, environment and many more. Modern development is no longer
possible outside, the frame work of science and technology, hence the need to
teach science in schools is in line with this observation. Some states in
Nigeria such as Oyo, Kano, Niger, Plateau, Sokoto and Kaduna have established
special science schools in order to popularize science and make its teaching
and learning more effective.
Science
generally consists mainly of the three basic science subjects via, biology,
chemistry, and physics. According to Obeda (1998) and Oboh (2012), Science has
contributed to human civilization by providing.
· Information on the care of
the human body
· Breakthrough in medical
science by the discovery of new drugs and invention of excellent diagnostic
method;
· Means of prevention and
cure of human diseases;
· Breakthrough in
agricultural techniques and practices, development of improved varieties of
crops, control of large number of diseases and pests of agricultural plants and
animals.
· Breakthrough in field of
engineering
· Improvement in man‟s
environment and supply of basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing as well
as recreation, transportation, communication and a host of others. With the aid
of science, new machines and processes have been developed, which not only help
to improve the quality of living but also enable science itself to open new
fields.
According to
Usman (2010), Education in science is man‟s attempt of trying to understand the
world he lives in for the primary purpose of survival and improvement of the
quality of his life. Ukwungu (2004) observed that Science Education in Nigeria
has continued to be ineffective in promoting the Socio-economic transformation
of our nation. Nworgu (2001) also observed that contrary to the spirit of Science,
the Science teachers still teach without the necessary activities needed for
proper understanding of the concepts. It becomes necessary therefore, for the
teacher to know how Science can be presented through the use of appropriate
method of teaching.
Biology is the study of life. It is the
science that studies living things and it is therefore very vital to man
(Fatubarin, 2003). Biology like any other science subject, uses the scientific
method usually characterized by accurate observation, careful analysis and
faithful recording among others. The teaching and learning of science by
effective use of scientific methods in solving problem, enable the students to
develop scientific skills and attitudes.
The Federal
Ministry of Education of Nigeria in the revised National Policy on Education
(FRN, 2013), stressed the need for the teaching and learning of Science
Subjects in Secondary Schools. Biology, English Language and Mathematics are
made compulsory as basic Subjects that all Students must offer. This has
attracted large enrolment of Students in Biology, compared to other Science
Subjects in the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination, as was stated by
Timothy (2013). As a result of this a large number of Students without interest
in Biology, study and sit for the Biology examinations, which has led to Poor
PerformanceinBiologyattheSeniorSecondarySchoollevel.ThisUnderperformance/Underachiev
ement is evident in (Table 1.1), where Senior Secondary School Certificate
Examination (SSCE) results of Schools in Kaduna State from 2008 to 2012 are
outlined below. This Examination results released revealed that there were poor
performance of students in Biology especially in 2011 only 41% of the 78,616
candidates that sat for the WASSCE. May/June passed the examinations. The
remaining 57% Failed, of those that sat for the Examination.
Table
1.1: Analysis of SSCE result of
science subject in Kaduna state between 2008 - 2012
Year
Subject
Total no of
No of
% passes
%passes
%failure
candidates
passes
at credit
of P7 &
that sat
level and
P8
above
2008
Biology
53946
17378
32.21
1.74
65.85
chemistry
18039
6493
35.99
1.89
62.12
Physics
17954
8122
45.23
1.85
52.90
2009
Biology
54729
16765
30.63
1.88
67.49
chemistry
19129
9522
49.77
1.72
48.51
Physics
19129
9522
49.77
1.71
48.52
2010
Biology
63361
33015
52.10
1.58
46.32
chemistry
23190
1188
61.18
2.26
36.56
Physics
23116
15077
65.22
2.14
32.64
2011
Biology
78616
32,474
41.31
1.59
57.10
chemistry
30,933
17,752
57.38
1.61
41.01
Physics
30810
12902
41.87
1.73
56.40
2012
Biology
91646
33,549
36.60
1.83
61.57
chemistry
37,347
17,062
45.68
1.39
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