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THE ROLE OF
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN OBVIATING SUICIDE IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Suicide is
the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders, including
depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety
disorders, and substance abuse—including alcoholism and the use of
benzodiazepines—are risk factors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to
stress, such as from financial difficulties, troubles with relationships, or
bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for
future attempts. Close to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year, which
is one person every 40 seconds. Suicide is a global phenomenon and occurs
throughout the lifespan. Effective and evidence-based interventions can be
implemented at population, sub-population and individual levels to prevent
suicide and suicide attempts. There are indications that for each adult who
died by suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide.
Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and is the second leading cause of death
among 15-29 year old globally.
According to
the World Health Organisation (WHO), while the link between suicide and mental
disorders (in particular, depression and alcohol use disorders) is well
established in high-income countries, many suicides happen impulsively in
moments of crisis with a breakdown in the ability to deal with life stresses,
such as financial problems, relationship break-up or chronic pain and illness.
In addition, experiencing conflict, disaster, violence, abuse, or loss and a sense
of isolation are strongly associated with suicidal behaviour. Suicide rates are
also high amongst vulnerable groups who experience discrimination, such as
refugees and migrants; indigenous peoples; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,
intersex (LGBTI) persons; and prisoners. By far the strongest risk factor for
suicide is a previous suicide attempt. It is estimated that around 20 per cent
of global suicides are due to pesticide self-poisoning, most of which occur in
rural agricultural areas in low- and middle-income countries. Other common
methods of suicide are hanging and firearms. However, In any learning
institution, counselors form an essential part of the organization since they
serve as key persons to whom students can turn to for help on matters related
to general challenges facing a teenager both in school and out of school. With
the too academic oriented education system characterized with exam cheating and
results irregularities, students are likely to find themselves faced with
difficult decisions to make concerning career choices. Pressure from parents,
lack of proper guidance and scarcity of jobs in preferred sectors can be quite
overwhelming for a child unless guided appropriately. Apart from career choice,
the students are also faced with other adolescent challenges such as
relationships, rapid growth and physical changes, peer pressure, addiction to
drugs and alcohol, and the need for identity or to “belong”. therefore, the
guidance and counselling role can be useful in ameliorating the increase of
suicide in our tertiary institutions.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The year
2019 has recorded a significant number of death through suicidal actions. The
trend is one that cannot be quickly disputed as it is ongoing. The demeaning
aspect of suicide attempt in the contemporary Nigeria is that it is carried out
by youths. The youths are supposed to be the least affected by suicide but
reverse is the case. In the tertiary institutions, the rate of suicide actions
is on the increase as records show that nothing has been done to curb this
action. Suicide is associated with a lot of negativity as it traditionally
depicts a bad omen and signifies weakness on the part of the victim. The
continuous increase of suicide by young people has propelled this study to be
considered as it examines the role of guidance and counseling in curbing
suicide.
1. 3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The primary
aim of this study is to examine the role of guidance and counseling in
obviating suicide in the Nigeria Tertiary institutions. Specifically the study
will focus on:
1. To
determine the cause of suicide in Tertiary institutions.
2. To
determine the role of guidance and counseling in obviating suicide in the
Nigeria Tertiary institutions.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The study
seeks to provide answers to the following research questions:
1. What are
the causes of suicide in Nigeria Tertiary institutions?
2. What is
the role of guidance and counseling in obviating suicide in Nigeria Tertiary
institutions?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
The study
formulated and developed for testing the following Null hypotheses:
H0: There
are no identifiable causes of suicide in Nigeria Tertiary institutions.
H0²:
Guidance and Counseling do not play any significant role in obviating suicide
in Nigeria Tertiary institutions.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Nigeria has
witnessed an unusual phenomenon among young people especially young people in
the tertiary institutions. This study is quite significant as it exposes in
factual terms the causes of suicide among young people. The study will also
assist guidance and counseling department in understanding what needs to be
tackled as it provides insight the need to obviate suicide. The reverse is that
this study brings to bare the role of guidance and counseling in obviating
suicide,which implies that guidance and counseling can be relied upon to
provide assistance to suicidal issues.
1.7 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study
examines the current appalling trend of suicide in Nigeria, especially in the
tertiary institutions. However the study is limited to only Nigeria
institutions. The study sampled opinions from respondents across four states
(Enugu, Lagos, Jos and Delta states).
1.8
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This
research is organized into five distinct but related chapters, the first
chapter gives an overview of the study as well as highlighting the problem and
clearly the objectives. In the second chapter, we reviewed related and relevant
literature. In the third chapter, we describe the method adopted and employed
in the study. The fourth chapter presents and analyzes the data collected from
the respondents, while the fifth chapter includes, summary, conclusion and
recommendations
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