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LIBRARY
RESOURCES AND SECURITY CHALLENGES
ABSTRACT
This
research project is on Library Resources and Security Challenges in the Library
of Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri. Data was collected using questionnaire
designed and distributed to the staff of the library used as case study. In
analyzing and presenting of the data collected, tables, frequencies and simple
percentage (%) were used. The findings showed that the library is faced with
different types of security challenges which are book theft, non-return of
library materials, book mutilation, keeping books beyond due dates, purposeful
mis-shelving of books, writing on or in books etc. Recommendations made in this
study includes that there should be increased security in the library premises
and library hall through supervision, patrolling and surveillance, libraries
should be designed in such a way that collection security is taken into
account, libraries should install goods and working electronic security gadgets
in the library and its environs. The researcher suggested that further study
should be carried out on; the need to observe library rules and regulations,
preservation and conservation of library resources, securing the digital
libraries against security breaches as these suggestions will further help to
prevent the library and its resources against any form of security challenge.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Libraries as
a store house of knowledge and information must be safe from security threats and
vulnerability.
Academic
library collections are broad and varied. Academic libraries support the
educational community through access to its collections. Borrowing privileges
is an important means of giving access to the library’s collections for personal,
educational and socio-economic advancement.
Gelfand
(2005) posit that the library is the only centralized location where new and
emerging information technologies can be combined with knowledge resources in a
user-focused, service, rich environment that support today’s social and
educational patterns of learning, teaching and research. Library services can
only be achieved through the availability of library collections. Anuobi and
Okoye (2008) state that “academic libraries are faced with hybrid challenges of
managing resources and are challenged to acquired the necessary skills needed
for the adequate security of the library’s collection or resources both in
print and non-print format.
Chaney and
MacDougail (2004) states that collections are vulnerable to abuse of one sort
or another and library managers need to keep this characteristic well to the
forefront of the library. Ensuring effective use, longevity and accessibility
of library resources makes an effective programme of collection security necessary.
Antiwi
(2009) state that book theft (stealing of books) was already a great challenge
to the library. Book theft started when the Persians went to Egypt and with one
word drew papyrus from the Library of Ramses II without stopping for any
formalities at the charging desk. They thus began this illegal practice which
has continued to torment libraries ever since (Antiwi, 2009). Oyewusi and
Oyeboade (2009) discuss the importance of access to collections in supporting
the mission of the university. Their research view the importance of good
collections as they point to the need for safety and security for those
collections.
Collection
security refers to a process designed to protect library collections against
un-authorized removal or loss. This involves protecting resources against
disasters as well as thieves or intruders (Ajegbomogun, 2004). Information
security governance is the manner in which information security is deployed, Da
Veiga and Eloff (2007). Collection security management in libraries can be
conceptualized to mean the overall manner in which collection security
policies, programmes, procedures, or measures are deployed to mitigate risk and
ensure access.
Crime is
increasing in a spectacular and frightening rate in academic libraries,
vandalism, mutilation, defacement, theft, hiding of books, verbal and physical
abuse, harassment and other criminal activities are some of the challenges
regularly encountered by the library resources and the library staff. It is
therefore vital that today’s academic libraries be positioned to be able to
confront these challenges in an objective, analytical and professional manner without
displeasing the library users. The act of stealing, mutilation and
vandalization of library resources is no doubt spreading among library users.
These negative acts not only cause some immediate damage but also have longer
effect on those who witness them and the library’s collection at large.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
Library
resources are usually mutilated, stolen and vandalized by some delinquent
users. The extent of these challenges varies from one library to the other but
seems to be a universal problem. Libraries should therefore ensure that there
is high rate of security of their resources. Academic librarians and
information managers must have a clear focus and vision on the reality of these
security breaches in academic libraries in other to successfully manage a
flourishing and efficient library and resources/research centre.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
The
following are the researcher’s objectives of the study:
i. To
determine the existence of security policy in the academic libraries.
ii. To find
out if adequate security of library resources is necessary in an academic
library.
iii. To find
out the type of library resources security breaches perceived by the
respondents.
iv. To
identify in general the types of collections which are more vulnerable to
security breaches.
v. To find
out the measures the library used to reduce and address security breaches in
academic libraries.
vi. To
identify the challenges to library resources security management.
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following research questions were presented for the study:
i. Does the
library have an existing security policy that defines what a security challenge
is and how to handle it?
ii. Is
adequate security of library resources necessary in an academic library?
iii. What type
of library resources security breaches does the respondents perceive in the
library?
iv. What
type of library materials are more vulnerable to security breaches?
v. What are
the measures used by the library to reduce and address these security breaches?
vi. What are
the challenges to collection security management?
1.5 Scope of
Study
The study is
on library resources and security challenges in the polytechnic library of
Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri. The study focuses particularly on
identifying the various types of library resources and their security
challenges and ways of reducing these identified challenges.
1.6
Significance of the Study
The
researcher intends to contribute significantly to the importance of high rate
of security on library resources as these resources contains useful information
for human and nation development. Security challenges faced by the library
resources militates against the provision of adequate information materials to
library users. This work will also serve as a reference material to future
researchers and library professionals who wish to write on library resources
and security challenges in the libraries.
1.7
Historical Background of Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri
The Federal
Polytechnic Nekede Owerri was established in 1978 by the Imo State Government
through Edict No. 16 of April 1978 as the College of Technology, Owerri. It
took off at its temporary site at the premises of Government Technical College
(GTC) Owerri along Egbu Road in the same year. The school in November 1981 was
moved to its present and permanent location at Nekede in Owerri. By the Imo
State Government Edict No. 6 of 1987, the name of the institution was changed
to “The Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri”. Six years after and precisely on 7th April
1993 the school was formerly taken over by the federal government and was
renamed by the federal government to “The Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri”
which is the institution’s present name.
1.8 The
Polytechnic Library of Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri
At the
inception of the school in 1978 at its temporary site at Government Technical
College (GTC) Owerri, the Chief Librarian of the then College of Technology was
appointed on March 1978 and the school open for its classes on 15th December,
1978. The collection of the library in 1981 at the inception of the institution
at its permanent site was housed in one of the apartment of the School of
Engineering block and was later moved to a new classroom complex on January
1993 by then the permanent site of the library has not been built until 1988
when the foundation stone was laid by the then chairman of the National Board
for Technical Education (NBTE) Dr. Abdullahi. The library building was
completed in 2000 and commenced users services in 2001. Dr. C. I Osuoji was the
then acting rector of the institution in 1993 and later assumed office as the
rector in 1996 which lasted till 2000. Mr. Chukwuma Chukwu was appointed the
acting registrar while Mr. J. U. Obasi was the acting librarian. Chief Sir
Uduma took over from Dr. Osuoji in 2000 as the acting rector and handed over
the mantle of leadership to Engr. O. I. Nwankwo who emerged as the 6th substantive
digital rector from June 2010. Mr. C. A Omenka acted as the acting rector from
July 2010 to September 2010 and handed over to Dr. (Mrs.) Celestina Njoku as
the rector from September 2010 till date. Mr. Ifeanyichukwu Oti was the chief
librarian from 2010 to 2014, while Chief Christian Enyia is currently the chief
librarian of Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri.
The Federal
Polytechnic Nekede library has many departments which includes: the
administrative department, the technical service department made up of the
cataloguing and classification section, collection development section and the
bindery and reprographic section, the readers service department made up of the
circulation section, reference section, serials section, reserved books
section, special collections section and the audio-visual or media unit and
currently the library has the E-library or digital library department.
Today the
Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri Library has about 32,196 (thirty two thousand
one hundred and ninety six) volumes of books in its collection according to the
school’s curriculum and 3228 (three thousand two hundred and twenty eight)
periodical and journal titles. It also has its collections in digital format
called audio visuals. The library is also linked to the libraries of other
academic institutions both foreign and within the country through its wireless
internet connections.
1.9
Definition of Operational Terms
Academic
Libraries: These are libraries established in institutions of higher learning
such as universities, polytechnics, mono-technics and colleges of education to
meet the educational and research objectives of their parent institutions.
Challenges:
A new or difficult task that tests ones ability and skills.
Crime:
Activities that involves breaking the law. An unlawful act or default which
renders the offender guilty of a legal punishment.
Library:
This is an institution specifically established for the acquisition,
processing, organization, preservation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of
information stored in prints and non-prints formats.
Mutilation:
This means to damage something or somebody very severely, especially by cutting
or tearing off part of it.
Library
resources: These are resources stocked in the library to satisfy the reading
and research needs of users. They come in either prints or non-print format.
Security:
The act or activities involved in protecting something or a person against
attack, danger or bad that might happen in the future.
Vandalism: A
crime of destroying or damaging something especially public property,
deliberately and for no good reason.
References
Ajegbomogun,
F. O. (2004) Users’ Assessment of Library Security: A Nigerian University case
study. Library Management 25 (8/9): 386-390.
Antiwi, I.
K. (2009) The Problem of Library Security. The Bauchi Library Experiences
International Review. Journal of Academic Librarianship. 21:363-372.
Anunobi, C.
B. and Okoye, I. B. (2008) The Role of Academic Libraries in Universal Access
to Print and Electronic Resources in Developing Countries. Library Philosophy
and Practice. Available:http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/anunobiokoye.htm.
Chaney, M.
and A. F. (2004) Security and Crime in Libraries. Gower Publishing.
Da Veiga, A.
and Eloff, J. H. P. (2007) An Information Security Governance Framework.
Information Systems Management 24:361-372.
Gelfand
(2005) A Conceptual Approach to the Role of the Library in Developing
Countries. Education Libraries Journal. 40 (3): 13-22.
Oyewusi, F.
O. and Oyeboade, S. A. (2009) An Empirical Study of Accessibility and Use of
Library Resources by Undergraduates in a Nigerian State University of
Technology. Library Philosophy and Practice.
http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/oyewusioyeboade.htm.
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