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INFORMATION
NEEDS AND INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF CHILDREN IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
INFORMATION
NEEDS AND INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF CHILDREN IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES
(The Case
Study Of Imo State Library Board, Owerri).
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE
OF INFORMATION
The researcher would want to begin this work
with a survey of the importance of information in daily living. Since the down
of history, man had generally requires information for his day to living
information is required in decision and in other aspects of life. To function
and be relevant, every society needs information. According to bent and
melacklam, information is the life-blood of modern organisation. Owing to the
pervasiveness of information in the life of organisation some writers have
tried to analysis organizational function in term of receiving, recording,
arranging and giving information. At the top management levels, it is vital in
planning and strategies decision making.
Hence information is said to be data of value in decision making. It is
critical resources that enable an organisation to function and flourish. It is
first among the other corporate resources because decisions relating to others
depend on it. But the collection processing and dissemination of information
are not trouble free. This is basically due to the nature of information.
Information is indispensable to all processes and is essential to natural
development. It is both a national and international resource for social
political, religious, economic, cultural as well as technological development.
Information is important as the three basic necessities of life which are
water, food and shelter and so should be given enough priority in order to
achieve what is meant for. It is significant to note that information is
useless unless it is used however, before information can be made use of, it
has to be provided and the user of it has to be aware of it. In other words,
the use of information depends on its availabllity and accessibility to users. INFORMATION DEFINED. Information is the act
of informiong or the condition of being informed or the communication of
knowledge. The American library association glossary of library and information
science (ALA) define information as all ideas, gfeats and imaginative works of
mind whioch have been communicated, rcorded, published and distributed formally
or in formally in any format. The new webster’s dictionary defines information
as, the communication of news, knowledge obtained by search, study etc. it can
also be considered as knowledge communicated concerning some particular facts,
subjects or events. Information reducesuncertainty and adds to human knowledge.
Information cvan be in two forms. Those that are pointers to other information
and their sources which it provides substantive information, that is
information itself. Information is regarded as resources for use, and its
generation and use for efficiency nd effectiveness is a very demanding and
stressful task because any information that lis not organised for future use
may be wasted. Also, the relevance ttached to information makes people to seek
it in diverse ways and for diverse needs. (hanson 1978) writes: information is
normally intended for use rather than interest. It is sought by their final
users for particular purpose in particular circumstances. It is of maximum
potential use to person who wnts it when it meets his need not only in terms of
general, subjects too. Needs can be seen as a requirement fro subsistence or
for carrying out some function or activities. Thus, information needs refer to
information demands, requirements, wants or de sires for some general and
specific purpose. Kadiri describes need in relation to information as: a state
of lack of desirable requisition or commodity i.e. information necessary to deal
with a situation as an individual deems fit.
INFORMATION AND CHILDREN
Information needs and information seeking behaviour of children is
defined as the provision of desirable, up to data factual knowledge to the
children at the appropriate time to enhance their welfare and ways or patterns
pursued by them in an attempt to resolve an information need or needs. Access
to information is one of the human rights and each user of it should be able to
get the right information he desires at the right time and place in the way he
needs it. Information as a valuable commodity can be got from the library among
other places and it is necessary that librarians satisfy users needs. In public
libraries, the notion of book acquisition or children literature is important.
Of greater value is how the books and other materials are presented to children
fro effective use. As a result, there is need for public libraries to meet with
the information needs nd information seeking behaviour of lchildren. This would
not only enhance performance of the children, use of libraries but would go an
long way in improving the services [rendered to children in public libraries.
In addition, it would make for easy storage, processing, retrieval of
information, dissemination and use. As information literacy becomes vital to
functioning effectively in todays would, the public library has a
responsibility in ensuring that the specific information and reference needs of
children are adequately addressed. Children as reference client require skilled
and considered assistance to locate information relevant to both their
perceived and real needs. The public libraries meet those needs through the
children section of the public library. A children section is an important
resource to which children have easy access to information and utilization. It
provides information in various formats. The children section provides
pre-school programmes, story telling, reading competitive, riddles and joke
among others. The library facilities education of children. It also performs
vital function such as informational, educational, cultural and recreational
services. Public libraries can play a major role in fostering in children the
desire for education and helping them develop the skills for obtaining the kind
of ever changing knowledge necessary to survive and prosper. Children by all
means need information knowledge sake, self development, skill acquisition and
to carry out a given assignment. BACKGROUND INFROMATION OF IMO STATE PUBLIC
LIBRARY BOARD OWERRI. On 3rd February, 1976 more states were created in Nigeria
and imo state was one of the states. It was carved out of the former east
central state. As a result of this creation, the east central state library
board broke into anambra and imo state library boards. However, it was only in
September 1976 that the indigenous imo state staff in enugu transferred ;to
Owerri to establish the administrative head quarters of the imo state library
board. The movement was in part printing; bindery and reprography were the last
to move by the end of September 1976. The asset and liabilities of the former
east central state library board were shared prior to the movement. The anambra
state Library board retained the
building and fixed assets while physical cash and information resources were
shared. Consequent to this, Owerri
divisional library which was under completion was hurriedly finished and used
as the head quarter. The new library was opened to the public on the 12th of
November 1976 by the then military governor, Commander Godwin nidubiosi kanu.
The building was designed to accommodate 85, 000 volumes. The sum of n35,909,
84 was said to be spent on the building at the time of its opening. Apart from
this, additional buildings have been added. These are handicapped building
which was opened on 1st November, 1989 and the administrative building and book
exhibition which was taken over by the N.T.A. the library began its operation
with a financial provision of some n564,837.66 for the financial year 1976/77.
the sum was made up of n246,832.66 being financial inheritance from the east
central state library board and 300,000 as financial provision by the imo state
government. In addition a sum of n500, 000 was to cover its capital expenditure
fro the year 1977. anambra and imo shared a considerable quantity of new books
which had not been allocated prior to the creation of the states. Other
material shared included 6 catalogues cabinets and card cards. Originally
ordered for Owerri library some metal filing cabinets and a few typewriters.
The library started its operatioin with a total of 100 staff and a stock of
1,380 volumes. At present, the total staff is 108 (December 2006) and in june –
December 2007 the staff strength was 112. this history will be in complete
without mentioning the carving out of abia state from imo state in September
1991. the resultant effect of this, is the emergence of abia state library,
board. This led to the showing of the assests and liabilities between the new
imo state library board and abia state library board. The shaving was completed
in November 1991. its worthy of nite that most of the divisional libraries and
branch libraries went to abia state. Out of 17 divisional and branch libraries,
imo state inherited only 7. the first imo state library board was appointed in
the 10th of November 1976 under the chairmanship of prof, a.o. anya. The
chairman of the board from 1976 till data are shown in table .a. S.No YEAR
(DURATION) NAME 1st 1976-1979 Prof. kalu anya 2nd 1979-1982 Prof. estaba 3rd 1982-1985
dr.a. ukpabi 4th 185-1988 dr.c. okoronkwo 5th 1988-1991 Prof. lgbozuruke 6th 1991-1994 Bar. egbendy 7th 1994-1996 mr.
v. kagah 8th 2002-2005 dr s.a amajirionwu 9th 2006-2007 Chief tim azubuike List
of directors from its inception till data include: S.NO YEAR (DURATION) NAME
1st 1976-1977 Mr. kalu okorie 2nd 1977-1984 Mr. njoku ukonu 3rd 1984-1992 Mr.
e.n.o adimorah 4th 1992-1999 Mr. a.c. Nwachukwu 5th 1999-2005 Mr. japhet Amadi
6th 2005-april2007 Dr. anozie ozurumba 7th April 2007 Mrs. A.n ndukwu The imo
state library like other public libraries in and outsides Nigeria has strived
to build up collection that relate to local interest and deals with general
community. Today imo state library board has eleven branches located in various
parts of the state, with the headquarter lat Owerri municipal. It has
librarians. The public library of imo state renders services such as school
library services, children library services, hand capped library services among
others. The children library service was set up to cater fro the needs of
pre-primary and primary school readers in the state. Holidays programmes are
being organised for this group of readers every term. The library is divided
into various sections. Such as administrative cataloguing, handicapped reference,
acquisition, Nigeria, and children sections. In children’s section the way it
is organised is quite different from the way the adult section is organised.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In strict pursuance
of the objectives for which public libraries are established children with
different information needs and various seeking have continued to flood the
libraries looking for ways to achieve their pressing information needs. In
doing this, children make a mess of the acquired materials and as a result
material in the library are not properly organised. To properly store, organise
and process knowledge that is children literature should be paramount in the
minds of library staff in public libraries. This becomes fruitless if the
children are not conversant with the information relating to the use of public
libraries, how to satisfy their information needs. Children get disappointed
for not getting what desired, their needs not met and their information seeking
behaviour not identified. This study intends to investigate the children
specific information needs, ways by which the children needs are met, the kind
of materials consulted by children and reaction of the children when their
needs are met and when their needs are not met. So, on the strength of the above,
the following research questions are formulated; a. what are the children
specific information needs b. How are the children needs met? c. What are the types of materials used by
children? d. How do the children go
about obtaining information they need? e. What are the children reactions when
their needs are met and not met? f. What problems do children encounter in
obtaining the information they need? AIM AND OBJECTIVE 1. identifying the information needs ;of children 2. finding out the ways in which children
needs are met. 3. identify source of information available to children. 4. knowing the ways or patterns in which
children seek information relating to their needs. 5. to determine problem
encopuntered by children and also that of the libraries in disseminating
information to children. 6. to attempt to provide recommendation and suggestion
for procuring information for children. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
Considering the time factor and financial constrints, the scope of this
research is limitated to information needs and information seeking behaviour of
children in public libraries. There is no limitation as to the source of
information used for this study,- books, no-book material, journals,
discussions public national, special libraries and information centres will
fruitful utilized. The study has particular reference to imo state public
library board Owerri. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is meant to extend the frontiers of human knowledge and solve
most of the problems encountered in public libraries when dealing with children
information needs and information seeking behaviour. It would also be of grate
significance to staff of public and school/children libraries. Also to be
director. Of public libraries as it would support plans for library development
and input to improving services rendered to children. This study would serve as
literature/reference material, for researchers in future and input to the
literature available in this area of study. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
INFORMATION The online dictionary of library and information science defined
information as data presented in readily comprehensible form to which meaning
has been attributed within the context of its use information knowledge. INFORMATION NEEDS In 1967 information need
was defined as an expression of the deficit of concreta information by an
individual (collective or territorial) user solving a certain scientific or
technical problem; it is said to be a necessity to acquire information about
(or from) the suirendity enkvironment. Or any information a user ought to have
whether the need is felt or not.
INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR.
This is defined as patterns or paths pursued by an individual seeker or
group of information seeker to solve or resolve an information need. Also
Wilson (1999) defines it as those activities a person may engage in when
identifying their own needs for information, searching for such information in
any way, and using or transferring that information. CHILDREN Children are taken to be young people within
the age bracket of 0-12 0r 13 years. The term children is refers to the plural
of the noun child. PUBLIC LIBRARIES Elizebeth Thomson (1971) defined the public
library as an institution that exist to serve all resident of a commodity district
or region and receive its financial support in a whole or part from public
fund. It is also a place where children enjoy themselves in story telling.
METHODOLOGY The type of research
designed to be use for this study is the survey research. Questionnaire will be
distributed to children and staff of public library imo state. This will in
essence give a proper under standing of the information needs and information
seeking behaviour of children in public libraries. The data collection method
is the interview and questionnaire methods which will give detailed information
as the researcher will have to ask questions when facts are not very clear
(this is for the interview method). The questionnaire will in the other hand
give the respondents enough time to look properly into questions being
asked.
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