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HOOLIGANISM/GANGSTERISM
AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Children are
often described both as the wealth and pride of a nation. The future of any
nation therefore depends on the young ones who constitute the potential human
resources needed for the continuity of the society. Thus, to achieve
sustainable development of a society, the young population must not only be
preserved but also disciplined. School indiscipline such as hooliganism and
gangsterism have been over time an issue of concern for educators, policy makers
and public opinion in general, owing to the outbreak of aggressiveness among
peers, violence within teacher – student relationship and vandalism as well,
leading to perpetual existence of problem of drop out, deviant behaviours,
examination malpractice, lateness and poor academic performance among secondary
school students (Ali, Dada, Isiaka and Salmon, 2014).
Hooliganism
and gangsterism is a social problem that has spread and increased rapidly in
our educational institutions especially among our undergraduates’ students. In
Nigeria, this social mal adaptation is considered an issue of serious concern
as it adversely affects the lives and performance of students involved as well
as the harmonious functioning of the entire structure of the society. Hooliganism/gangsterism
and other associated problems are inimical to the survival and effective
functioning of human societies. A significant number of poor academic
attainment, school drop outs and untimely deaths accidents have been ascribed
to the activities of hooliganism and gangsterism (Amosun, Ige and Ajala, 2010).
Hooliganism
and gangsterism are on the increase in Nigerian secondary schools and have been
a source of worry to teachers, parents, school authorities, the government and
the society at large. Eke (2002) noted that gangsterism have soared high that
the resultant indiscipline have culminated in misconduct of various degrees.
According to
Udoh (cited in Iheanacho and Ikpeme, 2013) moral decadence, an act of deviance
in Nigerian school system has reached a worrisome state that all stake holders
in the education industry are in the search for possible solution. He opined
that gangsterism amines partly from lack of opportunity for sporting
activities. A reflection of the colonial school years reminds of an ideal
school environment where students were well behaved according to laid down
norms. Secondary schools were places where the character of the adolescents
were modeled. The adolescents in school were trained to develop self control,
character orderliness and efficiency.
Ogunsanya
(2000) reported that gangsterism on campus emerged as a result of social
unacceptable behavior of media explosion, importation of foreign culture, the
internet and junk magazine inclusive which overwhelm the Youths so that they
fall prey to their effect. In view of this Mohammed (2004) asserted that the
level of hooliganism among students has risen very highly. It is a common
phenomenon to see our students (male and female) conducting themselves in
manner not different from what tout do. In the same vein, Badejo (2004) opined
that gangsterism menace in our schools might not be unconnected with drug which
some students use.
In Nigeria
today, the consequences of gangsterism are disruption of interpersonal
relationships particularly within the family, marginalization, criminal
behaviour, school failure, vocational problems and failure to achieve normal
adolescents’ milestones, yet these youths are expected to be the leaders of the
country in the future when they do not even have any focus for the future.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Research on
hooliganism and gangsterism has long being the interest of educational
sociologists and psychologists experts. An examination of the Nigerian school
institutions today would reveal the use of dangerous weapons, sexual
harassment, dwindling in the standard of the students, uncommitted and less
dedicated lecturers and teachers to mention few. Raufu in Pemede (2000)
reported that the problem of cultism with its associated problem like killing,
extortion, rape, maiming, stealing and other social vices in our schools have
permanently imprinted the issue in the mind of the average Nigeria.
Moreover,
children are regarded as the milestone and future of a nation. Without giving
proper attention to children; it remains impossible to get the desired and
dreamt goals of development as intended development can be obtained through
qualified people and quality education. Hooliganism/gansterism in schools can
manifest itself in students’ violent behaviour, poor disciplinary style,
ineffectiveness and inefficiency of teacher, poor time management, and
ineffective code of conduct and so on. These acts of indiscipline engage by the
schools disrupt learning and have direct impact on students’ academic performance.
Scholars in
recent times have written more on hooliganism/gansterism among pupils and its
effects on learning outcome and their progress in schools. Some scholars
suggest that disciplinary policies simply do not have effects (Chen, 2008;
Schoonover, 2009). Other asserts that if school is effectively disciplined, the
academic performance on the part of student and teacher will be highly rated
(Ehiane, 2014; Pemede and Viavonu, 2010). In fact, whether
hooliganism/gangsterism affect students academic performance negatively or
positively is an issue that remains open for the study being conducted. It is
against this backdrop that this research seeks to explore the effect of
hooliganism/gansterism on students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools
Ojo LGA.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose
of the study include the following; to:
a. examine the effect of gangsterism on
students’ academic performance
b. examine the correlates of students act of
indiscipline and academic performance.
1.4 Research Questions
The
undertaking of this research project will be guided by the following research
questions;
1. What is the effect of gangsterism on students’
academic performance?
2. Is there any relationship between students’
act of indiscipline and their academic performance?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses will be tested in the course of the study:
i.
H0: There is no significant
relationship between gangsterism and
students’ academic performance.
ii.
H0: Students act of
indiscipline is not significantly correlated with their academic performance
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